tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-41947748211427056262024-03-26T14:53:32.336+05:30Dr. NIYATI GARGDr. Niyati Garghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00257175176585877240noreply@blogger.comBlogger62125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4194774821142705626.post-69879246798031681092017-11-07T14:48:00.001+05:302018-03-07T11:22:27.142+05:30Question Bank Of Universal Human Values and Professional Ethics<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="line-height: 18.4px;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">This question bank is prepared from the book - "A FOUNDATION COURSE IN HUMAN VALUES AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS" written by RR GAUR, R SANGAL and G P BAGARIA. The purpose of this question bank is to help students of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam University (UPTU) for their exam preparation. This is the original work done by me.</span></span></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">UNIT 1<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Short answer questions (<u>2 marks each</u>)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Define the following terms<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Values: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Value means importance or the participation. The value of any unit in this existence is its participation in the larger order of which it is a part. E.g. value of a pen is that it can write.</span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human Values: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The value of a human being is the participation of human being in this order. Hence to understand the human values, we need to understand the human reality along with all that is there in that existence constituting the larger order, and the role of human being in the relationship with each and every unit in the existence.</span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Value Education:</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> Character oriented education that instils basic values and ethnic values in one’s psyche are called ‘Value Based Education’. <u>The subject that enables us to understand ‘what is valuable’ for human happiness is called value education</u>.</span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Self Exploration: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Self exploration is the <u>process to find out what is valuable to me by investigating within myself</u>, what is right for me, true for me, has to be judged within myself. Through self exploration we get the value of ourself. We live with different entirety (family, friends, air, soil, water, trees, etc.) and we want to understand our relationship with all these. For this we need to start observing inside.</span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Natural Acceptance: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Natural acceptance is a mechanism of self exploration. Natural acceptance is process to understand ourself first. Natural acceptance implies <u>unconditional and total acceptance of the self, people and environment</u>. It also refers to the absence of any exception from others. In other words, Natural acceptance is way to accept the good things naturally.</span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Experiential Validation: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Experiential validation is a <u>process that infuses direct experience with the learning environment and content</u>. When what we already believe to be true of us is validated by some situations, phenomena or outcomes. We may term it as experiential validation. It may be regarded as a philosophy and methodology in which the direct experience and focused reflection of the individual helps to increase knowledge, develop skill and clarify values. Most of what we know about our self is not only through our own opinion of our self but also because of how others view us.</span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Svatva:</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> Swatva means <u>innateness of self – the natural acceptance of harmony</u>. When I identify my innateness, what I really what to be.</span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Swatantrata: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Swatantrata means <u>being self- organized – being in harmony with oneself. </u>When I identify my innateness, what I really what to be and establish a dialogue with it, it enables me to become self organised, i.e. I attain harmony in myself. This is swatantrata.</span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Swarajya</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">: Swarajya means <u>self-expression, self- extension – living in harmony with others. </u>When I identify my innateness, what I really what to be and establish a dialogue with it, it enables me to become self organised, i.e. I attain harmony in myself. When I start living with this harmony, it starts expressing itself through my harmonious behaviour and work, and it naturally extends to my participation with the surroundings. This is working towards swarajya.</span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Happiness</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> (Sukh): </span></b><u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Happiness may be defined as being in harmony/synergy in the state/ situation that I live in.</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> “A state or situation in which I live, if there is harmony in it then I like to be in that state / situation. The state of liking is happiness.”</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> It is a <u>holistic and all encompassing state of the mind that creates inner harmony</u>.</span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Prosperity: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The <u>feeling of having or making available more than required physical facilities</u> is prosperity. For prosperity, two things are required- (1) Identification of the required quantity of physical facilities, and (2) Ensuring availability / production of more than required physical facilities.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">We can be prosperous only if there is a limit to the need for physical facilities. If there is no limit what so ever be the availability the feeling of prosperity cannot be assured.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Secondly, just assessing the need is not enough. We need to be able to produce or make available more than the perceived need.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Right Understanding:</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> Understanding the harmony at four levels of living from self to existence. This refers to higher order human skills – the need to learn and utilize our intelligence most effectively.</span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Physical Facilities (</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Suvidha): </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">This includes the physiological needs of individuals and indicates the necessities as well as the comforts of life.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> Suvidha implies that it is looking for <u>physical comforts and all the sources of attaining such comforts</u>.</span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animal Consciousness:</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> (a) Living of human being only on the basis of physical facilities, and not with right understanding and relationship. Working only for physical facilities is living with Animal Consciousness. (b) living with assumption for oneself as body.</span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human Consciousness:</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> (a) Living with all three: right understanding, relationship, and physical facilities. Working for right understanding as the first priority followed by relationship and physical facilities implies living with Human Consciousness. (b) living with views of justice, resolution and truth. (c) understanding human being as coexistence of self (jivan, ‘I’) and body.</span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Value Domain:</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> Value domain means the domain of wisdom, this helps us to identify and set the right goals and to proceed in the right direction.</span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Domain of Skills:</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> Domain of skill means our competence or ability to learn methods and practice to actualize the goals, to develop the techniques to make this happen in real life in various dimensions of human endeavour.</span></li>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 18. Explain the process of value education.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The process for value education has to be that of <u>self-exploration, which includes two things: verification at the level of natural acceptance and experiential validation in living</u>. Self exploration is the process to find out what is valuable to me by investigating within myself, what is right for me, true for me, has to be judged within myself. Through self exploration we get the value of ourself. Various aspects of reality facilitating the understanding of human values will be presented as proposals. We need to verify these proposals for our self and examine our living in this light.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 19. Illustrate the content of value education.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What should be the content of value education to make it complete? How do values relate to our day to day living? (UPTU 2010-11)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The subject that enables us to understand ‘what is valuable’ for human happiness is called value education. The scope of value education includes <u>all dimensions (thoughts, behaviour, work and realization) and all levels (individual, family, society and nature – existence)</u>. Accordingly, the content of value education will be to understand myself, my aspirations, my happiness; understand the goal of human life comprehensively, understand the other entities in nature, the innate inter-connectedness, the coexistence in the nature- existence and finally the role of human being in this nature/existence entirely. Hence, it has to encompass understanding of harmony at various levels and finally, learning to live in accordance with this understanding by being vigilant to one’s thoughts, behaviour and work.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 20. What is the content of self – exploration?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The main focus of self-exploration is myself - the human being. Content of self exploration is just finding answers to the following fundamental questions of all human beings:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1. <b>The Desire/Goal: </b>What is my (human) Desire/ Goal? What do I really want in life, or what is the goal of human life?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2. <b>Program: </b>What is my (human) program for fulfilling the desire? How to fulfil it? What is the program to actualize the above?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">In short, the above two questions cover the whole domain of human aspirations and human endeavour. Thus, they form the content of self- exploration.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 21. What do you understand by the terms svatva, swatantrata and swarajya?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Svatva:</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> Swatva means <u>innateness of self – the natural acceptance of harmony</u>.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Swatantrata: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Swatantrata means <u>being self- organized – being in harmony with oneself</u></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Swarajya</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">: Swarajya means <u>self-expression, self- extension – living in harmony with others</u></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 383px; margin-top: 4px; position: absolute; width: 72px; z-index: 251681280;"></span><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 213px; margin-top: 4px; position: absolute; width: 72px; z-index: 251680256;"></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Swatva ------------------ Swatantrata ------------------ Swarajya</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 22. What do the abbreviations given as SVDD, SSDD and SSSS signify?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">To achieve our basic aspirations we need to work for right understanding as the base on which we can work for relationship and then physical facilities. Today we are not working according to this that why we can see that there are two kind of people in the world:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Those that do not have physical facilities/ wealth and feel unhappy and deprived. i.e. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">SVDD: <u>Sadhan Viheen Dukhi Daridra – Materially Deficient, Unhappy and Deprived</u>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Those that have physical facilities/ wealth and feel unhappy and deprived.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> i.e. SSDD: <u>Sadhan Sampann Dukhi Daridra – Materially Affluent, Unhappy and Deprived</u>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">But these are states we don’t want to be in.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> We want to move from this to third category i.e.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Having physical facilities and feeling happy and prosperous i.e. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">SSSS: <u>Sadhan Sampann Sukhi Samriddha – Materially Adequate, Happy and Prosperous</u>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Presently, as we look around, we find most of the people in the above two categories called SVDD and SSDD, while the natural acceptance of all human beings is to be in the category of SSSS.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 23. What is happiness?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">“Mutual fulfilment in human relationships is something we want, we aspire for.” Explain<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Happiness may be defined as being in harmony/synergy in the state/ situation that I live in.</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> “A state or situation in which I live, if there is harmony in it then I like to be in that state / situation. The state of liking is happiness.” Happiness is a state of mind or feeling characterized by contentment, love, satisfaction, pleasure or joy. Happiness may be described as consisting of positive emotions and positive activities. There may be three kinds of happiness: pleasure, engagement, and meaning. In other words, freedom from want and distress, consciousness of the good order of things, assurance of one’s place in the universe or society, inner peace and so forth. Happiness is the state of mind, where we feel good in most of the walk of life.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 24. What is the meaning of prosperity? </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">How can you say that you are prosperous?</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The <u>feeling of having or making available more than required physical facilities</u> is prosperity. Almost all of us feel that wealth alone means prosperity and try to explain this phenomenon on this nonexistent or half fact. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">We are trying to achieve happiness and prosperity by maximizing accumulation and consumption of physical facilities. It is becoming anti-ecological and anti-people, and threatening the human survival itself. For prosperity, two things are required-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "timesnewroman,bold" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Identification of the required quantity of physical facilities, and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "timesnewroman,bold" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Ensuring availability / production of more than required physical facilities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">We can be prosperous only if there is a limit to the need for physical facilities. If there is no limit what so ever be the availability the feeling of prosperity cannot be assured.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Secondly, just assessing the need is not enough. We need to be able to produce or make available more than the perceived need.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Long answer questions (7 marks each)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 25. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What is value education? Why there is a need of value education?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">How does value education helps in fulfilling one's aspirations?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Character oriented education that instils basic values and ethnic values in one’s psyche is called ‘Value Based Education’. <u>The subject that enables us to understand ‘what is valuable’ for human happiness is called value education</u>. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Value education is important to help everyone in improving the value system that he/she holds and puts it to use. Once, one has understood his/ her values in life he/she can examine and control the various choices he/she makes in his/ her life. Value education enables us to understand our needs and visualize our goals correctly and also helps to remove our confusions and contradictions and bring harmony at all levels. It also helps remove our confusions and contradictions and enables us to rightly utilize the technological innovations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Values form the basis for all our thoughts, behaviours and actions. Once we know what is valuable to us, these values becomes the basis, the anchor for our actions. We also need to understand the universality of various human values, because only then we can have a definite and common program for value education. Then only we can be assured of a happy and harmonious human society.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 26. What are the basic guidelines for value education? (UPTU 2011 – 12)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The subject that enables us to understand ‘what is valuable’ for human happiness is called value education. In order to qualify for any course on value education, the following guidelines for the content of the course are important:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Universal: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">It needs to be applicable to all the human beings irrespective of cast, creed, nationalities, religion, etc., for all times and regions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Rational: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">It has to appeal to human reasoning. It has to be amenable to reasoning and not based on dogmas or blind beliefs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Natural and verifiable: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">It has to be naturally acceptable to the human being who goes through the course and when we live on the basis of such values it leads to our happiness. It needs to be experientially verifiable, and not based on dogmas, beliefs or assumptions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">All encompassing: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Value education is aimed at transforming our consciousness and living. Hence, it needs to cover all the dimensions (thought, behaviour, work and realization) and levels (individual, family, society, nature and existence) of human life and profession.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Leading to harmony: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The value education ultimately is targeted to promote harmony within the individual, among human beings and with nature.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 27. What is the need for value education?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Write a short note on the need for value education in today’s seenario. (MTU 2010 – 11)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The subject that enables us to understand ‘what is valuable’ for human happiness is called value education. Need for value education is:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Correct identification of our aspirations. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The subject which enables us to understand ‘what is valuable’ for human happiness is called ‘value education’ (VE). Thus, VE enables us to understand our needs and visualize our goals correctly and also indicate the direction for their fulfilment. It also helps to remove our confusions and contradictions and bring harmony at all levels.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Understanding universal human values to fulfil our aspirations in continuity. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Values form the basis for all our thoughts, behaviours and actions. Once we know what is valuable to us, these values becomes the basis, the anchor for our actions. We also need to understand the universality of various human values, because only then we can have a definite and common program for value education. Then only we can be assured of a happy and harmonious human society.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Complimentarity of values and skills. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">To fulfil our aspirations both values and skills are necessary. When we identify and set the right goals and produced in right direction. This is known as <b>value domain</b>, the domain of wisdom, and when we learn and practices to actualize this goal to develop the techniques to make this happen in real life, in various dimensions of human endeavour (struggle). This is known as <b>domain of skills</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Hence, there is an essential complementarity between values and skills for the success of any human endeavour. For example, I want to lead a healthy life. Only wishing for good health will not help me keep my body fit and healthy and without having understood the meaning of health, I will not be able to choose things correctly to keep my body fit and healthy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Evaluation of our beliefs. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Each one of us believes in certain things and we base our values on these beliefs, be they false or true which may or may not be true in reality. These believes come to us from what we read, see, hear, what our parents tells us, our friends talk about, what the magazines talk of, what we see from TV etc. Value Education helps us to evaluate our beliefs and assumed values.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Technology and human values. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The present education system has become largely skill-based. The prime emphasis is on science and technology. However, science and technology can only help to provide the means to achieve what is considered valuable. It is not within the scope of science and technology to provide the competence of deciding what really is valuable. Value Education is a crucial missing link in the present education system. Because of this deficiency, most of our efforts may prove to be counterproductive and serious crises at the individual, societal and environmental level are manifesting.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 28. What is the need for value education in technical and other professional institutions?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">‘Is our present education system in India has the deficiency of value education?’ If yes, why and if not then why not? Elaborate the answer.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What would be the consequences if technology is used without taking human values into consideration?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The subject that enables us to <u>understand ‘what is valuable’ for human happiness</u> is called value education. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The present education system has become largely skill-based. The prime emphasis is on science and technology. However, science and technology can only help to <u>provide the means to achieve what is considered valuable</u>. It is not within the scope of science and technology to provide the competence of deciding what really is valuable. Value Education is a crucial missing link in the present education system. Because of this deficiency, most of our efforts may prove to be counterproductive and serious crises at the individual, societal and environmental level are manifesting. (<b><i>Give some examples where technology is used without value education and the results are not people friendly and eco friendly</i></b>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 29. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Values and skill complement each other. Elaborate.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">“For success in any Human Endeavour both values and skills are required.” Explain.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What do you mean by values? How do they differ from skills? How are values and skills complementary?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Explain how production skills and human values are complementary. Give two examples. (UPTU, 2011 – 12)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Values and skills have to go hand in hand. Comment.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Values means importance or participation and skills means qualities, training, and capabilities. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">To fulfil our aspirations both values and skills are necessary. When we identify and set the right goals and produced in right direction. This is known as <u>value domain, the domain of wisdom</u>. Basically we must know what really is useful to achieve human happiness, the happiness to all and for all the time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">And when we learn and practices to actualize this goal to develop the techniques to make this happen in real life, in various dimensions of human endeavour (struggle). This is known as <u>domain of skills</u>. Hence, there is an essential complementarity between values and skills for the success of any human endeavour.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">For example, I want to lead a healthy life. Only wishing for good health will not help me keep my body fit and healthy and without having understood the meaning of health, I will not be able to choose things correctly to keep my body fit and healthy. So i have to learn the skills to achieve the goal of good health i.e. food to be consumed, the physical workout to be designed. So without knowing the meaning of good health, health cannot be achieved and also it is necessary to make use of the goal to achieve the goal of the goal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 30. Explain the process of self-exploration with a diagram.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">“</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Process of self exploration leads to realization and understanding.” Explain with example.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Anything that we come to know should be a proposal or final decision? Explain this with respect of our value education.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">How can we acquire assurance, satisfaction and universality through self- exploration?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What is the role played by self-exploration in achieving our basic aspirations i.e. happiness and prosperity?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. Self exploration is the process to find out what is valuable to me by investigating within myself, what is right for me, true for me, has to be judged within myself. Through self exploration we get the value of ourself. The process of self exploration is a follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">First of all we have to keep in mind that,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Whatever is being presented is a PROPOSAL.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Don’t assume it to be true immediately, nor reject it without proper exploration.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Verify it in your own right, on the basis of it being naturally acceptable to you,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">o Not just on the basis of scriptures<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">o Not on the basis of equipment/instrument data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">o Not on the basis of the assertion by other human beings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Therefore, it is essential to carefully ponder over these on your own right. Neither accept these as true immediately nor reject them prematurely without proper exploration.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Don’t just accept / reject these only on the basis of the following:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Because something like this/ different from this, has been mentioned in scriptures,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Or, because it has been preached/ denied by some great men,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Or, a large number of people possess such a view / a different view,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Or it is claimed to have been verified through some physical instrument or, claimed that this is beyond the domain of verifiability by physical instruments.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4194774821142705626" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4194774821142705626" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4194774821142705626" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4194774821142705626" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Then what to do<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Verify on the basis of your natural acceptance<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Live accordingly to validate it experientially<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4194774821142705626" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4194774821142705626" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">o<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 404px; margin-top: 7px; position: absolute; width: 44px; z-index: 251702272;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">If the proposal is true in behaviour with human<sup> <u>leads to</u></sup> > mutual happiness<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">o<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 447px; margin-top: 7px; position: absolute; width: 45px; z-index: 251703296;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">If the proposal is true in work with rest of the<sup> </sup>nature <sup><u>leads to</u></sup> > mutual prosperity<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Remember, it is a process of self- exploration, therefore, it has to be authenticated by us alone by means of verification at the level of natural acceptance and experiential validation. The process is shown in the diagram below:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3yhyphenhyphenV7JRcpDcy1AdE-K-0tcV95BAudh1HfsFBzUyMQLJHI6iPbuBw1bwpQMk6xtyjwo12l8v_cNnwh_qIBP2-8q3tvVGoN_Q3qp6FSN5RjnDlFD_urHL6hjEWBVvvWLBJjVm1OZjmr2Y/s1600/IMG_20171107_123806241.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="899" data-original-width="1600" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3yhyphenhyphenV7JRcpDcy1AdE-K-0tcV95BAudh1HfsFBzUyMQLJHI6iPbuBw1bwpQMk6xtyjwo12l8v_cNnwh_qIBP2-8q3tvVGoN_Q3qp6FSN5RjnDlFD_urHL6hjEWBVvvWLBJjVm1OZjmr2Y/s320/IMG_20171107_123806241.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">But this process is not complete. It will be completed when on
verification on the basis of natural acceptance and testing in our living
ultimately results in ‘realization’ and ‘understanding’ in us.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Verify on the basis of your natural acceptance<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4194774821142705626" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4194774821142705626" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4194774821142705626" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4194774821142705626" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Live accordingly to validate it experientially<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t32"
coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="32" o:oned="t" path="m,l21600,21600e" filled="f">
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<o:lock v:ext="edit" shapetype="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_s1026" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
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in behaviour with human<sup> <u>leads to</u></sup> > mutual happiness<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4194774821142705626" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4194774821142705626" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4194774821142705626" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4194774821142705626" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4194774821142705626" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4194774821142705626" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4194774821142705626" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4194774821142705626" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">o<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1027"
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in work with rest of the<sup> </sup>nature
<sup><u>leads to</u></sup> > mutual prosperity<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Results in realization and understanding<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">On having realization and understanding we get<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o Assurance<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o Satisfaction<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o Universality (Applies to
all time, space and individual)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Take for example: a proposal- ‘respect’ is a value in human
relation. When I verify at the level of natural acceptance, I find that it is
naturally acceptable to me. Similarly, when I behave with respect, it is
mutually fulfilling to me and to the other.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Thus
the proposal is ‘True’. If it fails on any of the two tests, it is untrue.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This
verification leads to realization of the truthfulness of the proposal and it
becomes part and parcel of my understanding. It is reflected in my thoughts and
in my behaviour.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 31. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What do you mean by self-exploration? What is the need for self-exploration?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What do you understand by self exploration? Where does it take place – self or body? (UPTU 2009-10)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Explain the concepts of natural acceptance and experiential validation as the mechanisms of self exploration.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What is the mechanism of self exploration? And as a result what do we get in the end and how?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Self exploration is the <u>process to find out what is valuable to me by investigating within myself</u>, what is right for me, true for me, has to be judged within myself. Through self exploration we get the value of ourself.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">This self exploration will be done on the basis of whether the proposals (information) are acceptable to us in a natural manner – i.e. they need to be naturally acceptable to us and not just imposed externally. It also includes verifying the proposal through experiential validation, i.e. by living according to them. Experiential validation will ascertain that when we live our life on the basis of this education, our living will be fulfilling to us as well as our surroundings. The two mechanism of self exploration are:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Natural acceptance</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">: </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Natural acceptance implies <u>unconditional and total acceptance of the self, people and environment</u>.<b> </b>It also refers to the absence of any exception from others. Once we fully and truly commit ourself on the basis of natural acceptance, we feel a holistic sense of inner harmony, tranquillity and fulfilment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Experiential validation</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">: </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Experiential validation is a <u>process that infuses direct experience with the learning environment and content</u>. It may be regarded as a philosophy and methodology in which the direct experience and focused reflection of the individual helps to increase knowledge, develop skill and clarify values.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Self exploration takes place in the self and not the body. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(<b><i>You can give some examples to explain and elaborate this section.</i></b>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 32. Illustrate the purpose of self exploration.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Self exploration is the process to find out what is valuable to me by investigating within myself, what is right for me, true for me, has to be judged within myself. Through self exploration we get the value of ourself. The purpose of self exploration is:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1. It is a process of dialogue between “what you are” and “what you really want to be”: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">It is a process of focusing attention on ourself, our present beliefs and aspirations vis-à-vis what we really want to be (that is to say, what is naturally acceptable to us). If these two are the same, then there is no problem. If on investigation we find that these two are not the same, then it means we are living with this contradiction (of not being what we really want to be) and hence, we need to resolve this contradiction this conflict within us. It is a process of discovering that there is something innate, invariant and universal in all human beings. This enables us to look at our confusions and contradictions within and resolve them by becoming aware of our natural acceptance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2. It is a process of self evolution through self investigation: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">It successively enables us to evolve by bridging the gap between ‘what we are’ and ‘what to be’. Hence, the self exploration leads to our own improvement, our self evolution – we will become qualitatively better.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3. It is a process of knowing oneself and through that, knowing the entire existence: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The exploration starts by asking simple questions about ourself, which gives our clarity about our being, and then clarity about everything around us.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">4. It is a process of recognizing one’s relationship with every unit in existence and fulfilling it: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">It is a process of becoming aware about our right relationship with other entities in existence and through that discovering the interconnectedness, co-existence and other in the entire existence, and living accordingly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">5. It is a process of knowing human conduct, human character and living accordingly: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">It is a process of discovering the definitiveness of human conduct and human character and enabling one to be definite in thought, behaviour and work.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">6. It is a process of being in harmony in oneself and in harmony with entire existence: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">This process of self exploration helps us to be in harmony with ourself and with everything around.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">7. It is a process of identifying our innateness and moving towards self organization and self expression: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">This process of self exploration helps us to identify our swatva and through that acquiring swantantrata and swarajya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Swatva: Innateness of self – the natural acceptance of harmony<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Swatantrata: Being self- organized – being in harmony with oneself<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Swarajya: Self-expression, self- extension – living in harmony with others<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 213px; margin-top: 4px; position: absolute; width: 72px; z-index: 251631104;"></span><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 395px; margin-top: 4px; position: absolute; width: 72px; z-index: 251632128;"></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Swatva ----------------- Swatantrata ------------------- Swarajya</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The swatva is already there, intact in each one of us. By being in dialogue with it, we attain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">swantantrata enabling us to work for swarajya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 33. What do you understand by the terms svatva, swatantrata and swarajya?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What is innateness (svatva), self organization (swatantrata) and self expression (swarajya)? How are they related to each other?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">How can we get the value of our self? Explain it. How can we move towards self organization using it?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">How swaraj is related to self exploration?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. This process of self exploration helps us to identify our swatva and through that acquiring swantantrata and swarajya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Swatva means <u>innateness of self – the natural acceptance of harmony</u>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Swatantrata means <u>being self- organized – being in harmony with oneself</u><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Swarajya means <u>self-expression, self- extension – living in harmony with others</u><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 383px; margin-top: 4px; position: absolute; width: 72px; z-index: 251635200;"></span><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 213px; margin-top: 4px; position: absolute; width: 72px; z-index: 251634176;"></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Swatva ----------------- Swatantrata ------------------- Swarajya<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The swatva is already there, intact in each one of us. By being in dialogue with it, we attain swantantrata enabling us to work for swarajya. Living in contradiction, means we are not self-organized and living with pre-conditionings where we have assumed certain things, have accumulated desires without having first evaluated them, then it means we are partantra. On the other hand, when we identify our innateness, what we really want to be and establish a dialogue with it, it enables us to start living with this harmony, it starts expressing itself through our harmonious behaviour and work, and it naturally extends to our participation with the surroundings. This is working towards swarajya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 34. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">How can we verify proposals on the basis of our natural acceptance? Explain with example.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What do you mean by your natural acceptance? Is it innate, invariant and universal? Explain (UPTU 2011 – 12)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">“Natural acceptance is innate, invariant and universal.” Explain this statement with an example. (MTU 2011 – 12)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Is natural acceptance a faculty presents in each human being?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Natural acceptance implies <u>unconditional and total acceptance of the self, people and environment</u>. It also refers to the absence of any exception from others. Once we fully and truly commit ourself on the basis of natural acceptance, we feel a holistic sense of inner harmony, tranquillity and fulfilment. Actually natural acceptance is way to accept the good things naturally. Learn everything that is good from others, but bring it in, and in our own way absorb it; do not become others. We can easily verify proposals in the basis of characteristics of natural acceptance mentioned below:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">a.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Natural acceptance does not change with time</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. It remains invariant with time. For example our natural acceptance for trust and respect does not change with age.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">b.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">It does not depend on the place</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. Whatever we have accepted, in our life, at any time of our age, does not change, even if we move from one place to another one.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">c.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">It does not depend on our beliefs or past conditionings.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> No matter how deep our belief or past conditioning, as long as we ask ourselves the question sincerely, as long as we refer deep within ourselves, the answer will always be the same.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">d.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">This natural acceptance is ‘constantly there’, something we can refer to</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. Natural acceptance is always there. Whatever we do, this natural acceptance is within us, it is telling us what is right. <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">e.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Natural acceptance is the same for all of us: it is part and parcel of every human being, it is part of humanness</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. Though each one of us, may have different likes and dislikes and means to live and to react etc. but if we go deep in our mind the purpose of our work, behaviour, efforts etc. are based on common goals like need to be happy, need to be respected, need to get prosperity. So our basic acceptance remains the same.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 35. What are the requirements to fulfil basic human aspirations?</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What
is the program to fulfil the basic human aspirations? Explain (MTU 2011 – 12)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Explain
the basic requirements to fulfil human aspirations. Give the correct priority
among them. (UPTU 2009-10) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Three things are needed in order to fulfill basic human
aspirations–right understanding, right relationships and physical facilities.
Explain meaning of each one of these.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
(UPTU 2010–11)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Right
understanding has first priority to fulfill basic aspiration. How can you
explain it? <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Our basic aspirations are
happiness (mutual fulfilment) and prosperity (mutual prosperity). Happiness is
ensured by the relationships with other human beings and prosperity is ensured
by working on physical facilities. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ø<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Right Understanding: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This refers
to higher order human skills – the need to learn and utilize our intelligence
most effectively.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ø<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Good Relationships: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This refers
to the interpersonal relationships that a person builds in his or her life – at
home, at the workplace and in society.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ø<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Physical Facilities: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This
includes the physiological needs of individuals and indicates the necessities
as well as the comforts of life. It means the feeling of having or being able
to have more physical facilities than is needed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In order to resolve the issues in human relationships, we need to <i>understand
</i>them first, and this would come from ‘<i>right understanding of
relationship</i>’. Similarly in order to be prosperous and to enrich nature, we
need to have the ‘<i>right understanding</i>’. The ‘<i>right understanding</i>’
will enable us to work out our requirements for physical facilities and hence
correctly distinguish the difference between wealth and prosperity. With nature
as well, we need to understand the harmony in nature, and how we can complement
this harmony.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 36. What
do you mean by animal and human consciousness? Explain with the help of a
diagram. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Distinguish
between ‘human consciousness’ and ‘animal consciousness’. How “shiksha and
sanskar” are helpful in raising man to “human consciousness” level. (UPTU 2010
– 11)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What is the difference between animal consciousness and human
consciousness? How does the transformation take pladce in a human being? (MTU
2011 – 12)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. Giving all priorities to
physical facilities only, or to live solely on the basis of physical
facilities, may be termed as ‘<b>Animal
Consciousness</b>’. Living with all three: Right understanding, Relationship
and Physical facilities is called ‘<b>Human
Consciousness</b>’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9cylPKSco8o9MCNM0GvsnicO6a9_kDpCpYF_d2NNcNLXraod-yQpWwtaeawqc5Ep7JMAgN653Yv5e1V3JT820P-KE3bvJjCvgIbIaDX_hLJGZ1uz1s4qovnXikp6FsPwrrraF0gVVBog/s1600/IMG_20171107_062820995.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1059" data-original-width="1600" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9cylPKSco8o9MCNM0GvsnicO6a9_kDpCpYF_d2NNcNLXraod-yQpWwtaeawqc5Ep7JMAgN653Yv5e1V3JT820P-KE3bvJjCvgIbIaDX_hLJGZ1uz1s4qovnXikp6FsPwrrraF0gVVBog/s320/IMG_20171107_062820995.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">From
the diagram we can say that:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">For animal, physical facility is necessary as well as complete –
whereas for human beings it is necessary but not complete.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Working only for physical facilities is living with <b>Animal
Consciousness</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Working for right understanding as the first priority followed by
relationship and physical facilities implies living with <b>Human Consciousness</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">There is a need for transformation from <b>Animal Consciousness </b>to
<b>Human Consciousness</b>. It can be accomplished only by working for right
understanding as the first priority.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This transformation from <b>Animal Consciousness </b>to <b>Human
Consciousness </b>forms the basis for human values and values based living.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The content of
education is the understanding of harmony at all the four levels of our
existence – from myself to the entire existence. Right living or sanskar refers
to the ability to live in harmony at all the four levels of living.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
This dimension of society works to ensure ‘right understanding’ and ‘right
feelings’ in individual. Or all encompassing solution called samadhan in every
individual and ensures that our succeeding generation have both the content and
the environment available to work towards achieving their goal of continuous
happiness and prosperity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 37. Critically examine the prevailing notions of happiness in the society and their consequences.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What is happiness and prosperity? Are they related to each other? Can happiness be obtained without prosperity? Explain.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What is prosperity? Is it different from happiness?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What are the basic human aspirations? Explain. (MTU 2010 – 11, UPTU 2012 -13)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What is the outcome when we try to identify relationship based on the exchange of physical facilities?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Money as a source of human aspiration can be a path to reach mutual fulfilment? Comment.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. Happiness may be defined as being in harmony/synergy in the state/ situation that I live in. “<u>A state or situation in which I live, if there is harmony in it then I like to be in that state / situation. The state of liking is happiness</u>.” Whereas, prosperity is <u>the “feeling of having or making available more than required physical facilities</u>”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">In the current scenario, we are generally trying to achieve happiness and prosperity by maximizing accumulation and consumption of physical facilities. This is an attempt to achieve happiness through pleasant sensory interactions. The physical facilities are not seen in terms of fulfilling bodily needs but as a means of maximizing happiness.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">This has resulted in wrong assessment of wants for physical facilities as being unlimited. But this pursuit is self-defeating. Neither can we hope to achieve continuous happiness through sensory interactions nor can we have prosperity, as it amounts to trying to fulfil unlimited wants through limited resources. This effort is engendering problems at all the levels. It is becoming anti-ecological and anti-people, and threatening the human survival itself. Some of the consequences of such a trend are summarised below:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1 At the level of the individual </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">– Rising problems of depression, psychological disorders, suicides, stress, insecurity, psycho-somatic diseases, loneliness etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2 At the level of the family – </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Breaking of joint families, mistrust, conflict between older and younger generations, insecurity in relationships, divorce, dowry tortures, family feuds, wasteful expenditure in family functions etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3 At the level of the Society – </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Growing incidences of terrorism and naxalism, rising communalism, spreading casteism, racial and ethnic struggle, wars between nations, attempts of genocide, fear of nuclear and genetic warfare, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">4 At the level of nature – </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Global warming, water, air, soil, noise, etc. pollution, resource depletion of minerals and mineral oils, sizeable deforestations, loss of fertility of soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">It therefore, calls for an urgent need for human beings to correctly understand happiness and prosperity as well as the sustainable way to achieve these.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 38.
“Right understanding + Relationship = Mutual fulfilment; Right understanding +
Physical facilities = Mutual prosperity.” Illustrate the above with two
examples for each. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">How
do right understanding, relationships and physical facilities help in
fulfilling the aspirations of human beings?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ans</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. Our basic aspirations are
happiness (mutual fulfilment) and prosperity (mutual prosperity). Happiness is
ensured by the relationships with other human beings and prosperity is ensured
by working on physical facilities. Relationship refers to the interpersonal
relationships that a person builds in his/her life – at home, at the workplace
and in society. Physical Facilities includes the physiological needs of
individuals and indicates the necessities as well as the comforts of life. It
means the feeling of having or being able to have more physical facilities than
is needed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Today we are unable to have fulfilling relationships all the time:
in family, outside family, and as a society – in the world at large. If there
is a problem in relationship, we feel uneasy, it bothers us. Even if we are
interacting with someone, and something we said or did offends them, it makes
us uneasy; i.e. we want mutual fulfilment in relationship. Similarly, we want
to feel prosperous, but end up working only for accumulation of wealth. We want
to enrich nature, but are exploiting it, destroying it. But our natural
acceptance is that we want to live in harmony with nature. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The reason behind these problems is that we have to focus on one
more aspect, i.e. right understanding. Right Understanding refers to higher
order human skills – the need to learn and utilize our intelligence most
effectively.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In order to resolve the issues in human relationships, we need to <i>understand
</i>them first, and this would come from ‘<i>right understanding of
relationship</i>’. Similarly in order to be prosperous and to enrich nature, we
need to have the ‘<i>right understanding</i>’. The ‘<i>right understanding</i>’
will enable us to work out our requirements for physical facilities and hence
correctly distinguish the difference between wealth and prosperity. With nature
as well, we need to understand the harmony in nature, and how we can complement
this harmony.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPKSqSnd5uJgdj5BQYjgx7RN3BYQKmSPn1wup_WcJiGbbTOCf2TJE1TNd66MCoaHSltctQZza45asNsy74rpF_F7Lrp2QmrlrQUSAntLDctZvyqciwFPwC8RRihI3t0FFRL9GHR5wPZfs/s1600/IMG_20171107_123920643.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1079" data-original-width="1600" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPKSqSnd5uJgdj5BQYjgx7RN3BYQKmSPn1wup_WcJiGbbTOCf2TJE1TNd66MCoaHSltctQZza45asNsy74rpF_F7Lrp2QmrlrQUSAntLDctZvyqciwFPwC8RRihI3t0FFRL9GHR5wPZfs/s320/IMG_20171107_123920643.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Thus we can say that when we use right understanding with
relationships it gives us mutual fulfilment because if we have right
understanding, then we can be happy in ourselves and work to have fulfilling
relationships with humans and mutual prosperity with nature. If we do not have
the right understanding, then we have problems. Thus, our happiness depends on
the fulfilment of these three basic requirements.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Right understanding + Relationship = Mutual fulfilment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Right understanding + Physical facilities = Mutual prosperity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 39. What
do you understand by the value of an entity? What is the value of a human
being?</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (UPTU 2009-10)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. The value of any unit in
this existence is <u>its participation in the larger order of which it is part</u>
e.g. value of a pen is that it can write. Here writing is the participation of
the pen in the bigger order in which pen, paper, human being, all are present.
Value of an eye is that it can be used for seeing. Value of a vegetable plant
is that it gives nutrition to animals and humans.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The value of human being is to understand harmony at all the
levels of existence and the participation of human being at different level in
this order to maintain harmony. The participation of the human being is seen in
two forms: behaviour and work. The participation of human being pertaining to
behaviour are the nine values in relationship, viz. trust, respect, affection,
care, guidance, reverence, glory, gratitude and love. Likewise, working with
material things, we have two values: utility value and artistic value. All
these values are nothing but the participation of the human being in different
dimensions of living. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;">_________________________________________________________________</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;">| | |</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">To
understand and live to help others to to rightly utilize
our<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In
harmony at all understand and live in mind (self), body and
wealth<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Four
level of living harmony at all four level to maintain harmony <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(Individual,
Family, at
all four level<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Society,
Nature/ Existence)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(<b><i>Students have to elaborate this answer by giving suitable examples from
their life where they are able to understand their responsibility and
participation at all four levels</i></b>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 40. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What are the Basic Human Aspirations? Describe each human aspiration in brief and give example of each.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. [<i>To answer this question students have to define happiness and prosperity in detail with examples</i>]<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 41. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Self exploration is a process of dialogue between ‘what you are’ and ‘what you really want to be’. Explain and illustrate.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Self exploration is the process to find out what is valuable to me by investigating within myself, what is right for me, true for me, has to be judged within myself. Through self exploration we get the value of ourself. It is a process of focusing attention on ourself, our present beliefs and aspirations as well as what we really want to be (that is to say, what is naturally acceptable to us). If these two are the same, then there is no problem. If on investigation we find that these two are not the same, then it means we are living with this contradiction (of not being what we really want to be) and hence, we need to resolve this contradiction this conflict within us. It is a process of discovering that there is something innate, invariant and universal in all human beings. This enables us to look at our confusions and contradictions within and resolve them by becoming aware of our natural acceptance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(<b><i>Students have to elaborate this answer by giving suitable examples from their life where they were able to evaluate and understand their goals</i></b>)<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 42. What is the difference between prosperity and wealth?</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> What is more acceptable to us and why?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What do you understand by prosperity? What is the difference between prosperity and wealth? How are the two related?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What is the meaning of prosperity? How does it differ from possession of wealth? Explain with examples. (UPTU 2009 - 10)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Differentiate between prosperity and wealth with examples. (MTU 2010 – 11)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Prosperity is <u>a <i>feeling </i>of having more than required physical facilities, it is not just physical facilities</u>. Almost all of us feel that wealth alone means prosperity and try to explain this phenomenon on this nonexistent or half fact. <u>Wealth is a physical thing</u>. It means having money, or having a lot of physical facilities or both. This is a very important distinction.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">We mostly fail to make this distinction today. We keep working for wealth, without realizing that the basic desire is for the feeling of prosperity, to have a <i>feeling </i>of having enough. Prosperity is more acceptable to us because wealth is just a part of prosperity.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> We are trying to achieve happiness and prosperity by maximizing accumulation and consumption of physical facilities. It is becoming anti-ecological and anti-people, and threatening the human survival itself. A person have lot of money, but does not want to share even a bit of it. The person ‘has wealth’ but feels ‘deprived’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">For prosperity, two things are required-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "timesnewroman,bold" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Identification of the required quantity of physical facilities, and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "timesnewroman,bold" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Ensuring availability / production of more than required physical facilities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">If one felt prosperous he/she would have shared what one has, since there is lot more than enough wealth anyway.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 43. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What is your present vision of a happy and prosperous life?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">There are many problems manifest today at the level of individual, family, society and the nature. Identify some of these problems humans suffer from.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> (UPTU 2010 – 11)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What are the consequences of confusing between Sukh and Suvidha?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. <u>Suvidha</u>: Suvidha implies that it is looking for <u>physical comforts and all the sources of attaining such comforts</u>. <u>Sukh</u>: Sukh is <u>a holistic and all encompassing state of the mind that creates inner harmony</u>.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">People think that their happiness depends upon suvidha (facilities) but is it not so; happiness depends upon our thinking or our mental satisfaction.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Today we are generally trying to achieve happiness and prosperity by maximizing accumulation and consumption of physical facilities. This effort is giving rise to many problems manifest today at the level of individual, family, society and the nature. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">It is becoming anti-ecological and anti-people, and threatening the human survival itself. Some of the consequences of such trend are summarized below:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">At the level of individual</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">– Rising problems of depression, anxiety, suicides, stress, insecurity, increasing health problems, lack of confidence and conviction etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">At the level of family</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">– Breaking up of joint families, mistrust and disharmony in relationships, divorce, generation gap, dowry deaths, neglect of older people etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">At the level of society</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">– Growing incidences of terrorism, violence, communalism, racial and ethnic struggle, corruption, adulteration, sex-crimes exploitation, wars between nations, proliferation of lethal weapons etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">At the level of nature</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">– Global warming, weather imbalances, depletion of mineral and energy resources, deforestation, soil degradation, hunting, poaching (smuggling of wild animals) etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">All the problems are a direct outcome of an incorrect understanding, our wrong notion about happiness and prosperity and their continuity</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> – this is an issue for serious exploration.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 44.
“Physical facilities are necessary and complete for animals, while they are
necessary but not complete for humans.” Comment. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Explain
how physical facilities are necessary but not complete for humans while they
are complete for animals.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Physical
facilities are necessary but not complete for human being. Do you agree with
this statement? Support your answer with reasons and examples. (UPTU 2011 – 12)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Does
having physical facilities ensure relationship & right understanding?
Pankaj Kumar, EC B (2012)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Being
financially stable and enjoying physical facilities is not enough for a happy
life. We need some other elements too. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. Physical facilities are
necessary and complete for animals, while they are necessary but not complete
for humans. It is easy to verify.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUx4w0XU75fmt_baDPBM0xcArHgTYIijqq01uqEaXBHErQ6p6Z4vZowYlAS34URM4ottIyr-vDF6kBQnrTgDLOSkkcsxcsb2ublMw3CgAndA_iUQd13njvweQVUIYe2xfVcqZfuiswS7w/s1600/IMG_20171107_063411475.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="658" data-original-width="1600" height="131" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUx4w0XU75fmt_baDPBM0xcArHgTYIijqq01uqEaXBHErQ6p6Z4vZowYlAS34URM4ottIyr-vDF6kBQnrTgDLOSkkcsxcsb2ublMw3CgAndA_iUQd13njvweQVUIYe2xfVcqZfuiswS7w/s320/IMG_20171107_063411475.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">For Animals </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">: Animals need physical
things to survive, mainly to take care of their body. For example; cow will
look for food when it is hungry. Once it gets the grass or fodder. It eats it,
sits around to chew at leisure. Hence, we can say that as long as animals have
physical things, they are largely fine. They don’t desire other things like
knowledge or a peaceful animal society or getting a good MBA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">For Humans </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">: While physical
facilities are necessary for human beings, they are not complete by themselves
to fulfil our needs. Our needs are more than just physical facilities. We all
have other needs, other plans, perhaps we think of going to a movie or reading
a book, or go to college, or watch some TV, or spend time with family and
friends….. this list is endless. Thus it is easy to see that while physical
facilities are necessary for us human beings, they are not complete by themselves
to fulfil our needs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Hence we can say that for
animals – “Physical facilities are necessary and complete.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">For humans “Physical
facilities are necessary but not complete.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL_Jr4BKHiFc8IUYcj4WoGgtAXbvnLNk8nuiK-GkwkOi0TwcLCCP8T2HqTvAFUej5HBxkKqGHoM4BumxhuTwTLtcMNjX13q_1t2Vl9wVUNRbDmtp9JKLjGefBANfufl8tB3mHqI7tzgqg/s1600/IMG_20171107_062820995.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1059" data-original-width="1600" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL_Jr4BKHiFc8IUYcj4WoGgtAXbvnLNk8nuiK-GkwkOi0TwcLCCP8T2HqTvAFUej5HBxkKqGHoM4BumxhuTwTLtcMNjX13q_1t2Vl9wVUNRbDmtp9JKLjGefBANfufl8tB3mHqI7tzgqg/s320/IMG_20171107_062820995.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b style="text-indent: -35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 45. “To be in a state of harmony is happiness”. Explain this statement and illustrate with two examples from your day to day life.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Define that happiness is the state of synergy.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. Happiness is a state of mind or feeling characterized by contentment, love, satisfaction, pleasure or joy. Happiness may be described as consisting of <b>positive emotions and positive activities</b>. In other words, freedom from want and distress, consciousness of the good order of things, assurance of one’s place in the universe or society, inner peace and so forth. Happiness is the state of mind, where we feel good in most of the walk of life. One important characteristic of this is feeling is that we like to continue this feeling. Or in other words,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">“The state/situation in which I live, if there is harmony/ synergy in it, then I like to be in that state or situation</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">.” i.e. “To be in a state of liking is happiness.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">If we explore our life we will find that respect is a state of harmony between two human beings. When I respect the other and the other respects me, I like to be in that situation. It gives me happiness. Take other example, when there is harmony in my thoughts and feelings, I feel relaxed and I want to be in that situation. This feeling is happiness.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(<b><i>Students have to elaborate this answer by giving suitable examples from their life</i></b>)<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 46. What is meant by experiential validation? Why is it a necessary part of self exploration? (UPTU 2012 -13)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">To verity the proposals, i need to live accordingly in my interactions with the world around. This involves two things: behaviour and work. If the proposal is true,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(a). In behaviour with other humans, it will lead to mutual happiness.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(b). In work with the rest of the nature, it will lead to mutual prosperity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">This process of verification of proposals is known as experiential validation i.e. validating on the basis of gaining experience.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">It is a necessary part of self exploration because if we are not verifying proposals in our living with people and with nature, we are not sure of what the results are. This will lead to conflict and contradictions and we will feel lack of confidence and lack of happiness.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(<b><i>Students have to elaborate this answer by giving suitable examples from their life</i></b>)<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">UNIT 2<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Short answer questions (2 marks each)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Define the following terms<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Sensations: </span></b><u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">A perception associated with stimulation of a sense organ or with a specific body condition</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> is known as sensation. For example, the sensation of heat. In other words, it is a term commonly used to refer to the subjective experience resulting from stimulation of a sense organ, for instance, a sensation of warm, sour, or green. Suppose we had seen the bike and not associated it with ‘greatness’; rather we only liked the way it ‘looked’ – then this is based on the sensation.</span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Imagination: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The activities of desire, thoughts and expectation at the level of self, are collectively called as imagination.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Imagination = Desires + Thoughts + Expectations<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">We all imagine, and most of our activities (in the self) today can be mostly clubbed into imagination. This activity of imagination in ‘I’ is continuous and not temporary.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Pre-Conditioning: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Preconditioning means <u>we have assumed something about our desires on the basis of prevailing notion about it.</u> They comes from what we read, see hear, what our parents tell us, our friends talk about what the magazines talk of, what we see on the TV etc. We have not self-verified the desires in our own right. As a result, we are not clear about what we will get out of fulfilment of that desire. The problem with that is, unless we verify our desires, we may not even know whether they are our. We may end up spending an entire lifetime accumulating desires that are not ours, and in running about trying to fulfil them.</span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Sanyama (self regulation):</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> the feeling of responsibility in the self (‘I’) for nurturing, protection and right utilization of the body.</span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Svasthya (Health): </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(a) the body act according to the needs of ‘I’. (b) there is harmony among the parts of body. So, swasthya is the condition of the body where every part of the body is performing in expected function. There is harmony within the body and it is fit for use by the self. And also it is being anchored to the self, being in close harmony with the self.</span></li>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 6. What do you mean by Sukh and Suvidha?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Distinguish between Sukh and Suvidha in detail taking needs of yourself as an example. (MTU 2011 – 12)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Sukh is a <u>holistic and all encompassing state of the mind that creates inner harmony</u>. Sukh is also called as happiness. Suvidha implies that it is looking for <u>physical comforts and all the sources of attaining such comforts</u>. When our body gets used to a certain level of comfort then we will only feel comfortable at that level eg. comfort in fan, cooler or air conditioner. Different people have a different perception of suvidha and will seek a corresponding level of suvidha according to their perceptions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> By nature man is fond of comfort and happiness so he goes on making desires and ambitions one after the other to enjoy more in life. To lead a comfortable life he also accumulates many facilities, so that his life may become full of comfort and happiness. Sukh depends upon our thinking, so many times we are surrounded by materialistic possessions but we feel unsatisfied. People think that their happiness depends upon suvidha (facilities) but is it not so; happiness depends upon our thinking or our mental satisfaction.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 7. How can we ensure harmony in self (‘I’)?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. The way to ensure harmony in self is a four step process given below:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Becoming aware that human is the coexistence of self (‘I’) and the body.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Becoming aware that the body is only an instrument of ‘I’. ‘I’ is the seer, doer and enjoyer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Becoming aware of the activities of desire, thoughts and expectation and pass each of these desires, thoughts and expectations, through our natural acceptance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Understand harmony at the level of our existence- by verifying the proposals being placed at the level of our natural acceptance. This leads to realization and understanding, which in turn becomes the basis for desire, thoughts and expectations – this leads to harmony in ‘I’ in continuity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 8. What do you mean by Imagination? OR </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What
is Imagination?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. The activities of desire,
thoughts and expectation at the level of self, are collectively called as
imagination. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Imagination
= Desires + Thoughts + Expectations<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">We all imagine, and most of
our activities (in the self) today can be mostly clubbed into imagination. This
activity of imagination in ‘I’ is continuous and not temporary. The power may
change but the activity is continuous. The object of the taste may change but
the activity of selecting/tasting is continuous. Also what we analyze may keep
changing the activity of analyzing is continuous.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We make choices with the external world based on our
imagination today.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1GQp4IL5Rk1Xui3E6c78nM9nORr_vM8V5AZkInYT-KvIb7hGyE3iZu4LPlcrEXnsPi2XKsJhtfdOL4VCPwInSMgeioVvVz8vhah2NTLrd7Efeo-MihWkQiF_KuhewZ08vtQd4yVvxiHE/s1600/IMG_20171107_124017799.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="986" data-original-width="1600" height="197" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1GQp4IL5Rk1Xui3E6c78nM9nORr_vM8V5AZkInYT-KvIb7hGyE3iZu4LPlcrEXnsPi2XKsJhtfdOL4VCPwInSMgeioVvVz8vhah2NTLrd7Efeo-MihWkQiF_KuhewZ08vtQd4yVvxiHE/s320/IMG_20171107_124017799.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Long answer questions<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 9. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The needs of the self are qualitative. Illustrate.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human beings are a complex combination of the sentiment ‘I’ which relates to all the feelings and the material ‘body’ which refers to all the physical facilities available to them. Need of self is sukh (happiness). Sukh is qualitative. Therefore the needs of ‘I’ are qualitative. They are not quantifiable. We also want them continuously. We cannot talk of one kg of respect or one meter of happiness. Our feelings are qualitative. Either they are or they are not. Ex. Happiness is qualitative. Either we are feeling happy or we are not. Also if a feeling is not naturally acceptable; we do not want it even for a single moment. If acceptable, we want it continuously. We can see this with the example of respect. We don’t want the feeling of disrespect even for a single moment, since it is not naturally acceptable to us.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">By nature man is fond off comfort and happiness so he goes on making desires and ambitions one after the other to enjoy more in life. To lead a comfortable life he also accumulates many facilities, so that his life may become full of comfort and happiness. Sukh depends upon our thinking, so many times we are surrounded by materialistic possessions but we feel unsatisfied. People think that their happiness depends upon suvidha (facilities) but is it not so; happiness depends upon our thinking or our mental satisfaction.</span><span style="background: yellow; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 27.6px;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 10. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Distinguish between the needs of the Self and the needs of the Body.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> What are the needs of the ‘self’ and the ‘body’?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">‘The need for physical facilities is temporary’ – explain the meaning of this statement with any two examples. (UPTU 2009-10)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Differentiate between the needs of self and the needs of body. (UPTU 2011 – 12)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The human being is the co-existence of ‘I’ and the body, and there is exchange of information between the two. We can make this distinction between the self and the body in terms of the needs as shown in the table below:<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><tbody>
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</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 126.95pt;" width="169"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
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</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 191.35pt;" width="255"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">I</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 174.3pt;" width="232"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Body</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Needs</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 126.95pt;" width="169"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Needs are ….</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 191.35pt;" width="255"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Trust, Respect….</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Food, Clothing…</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 191.35pt;" width="255"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Happiness (sukh)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Physical Facilities (suvidha)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 126.95pt;" width="169"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">In time needs are…….</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 191.35pt;" width="255"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Continuous</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 174.3pt;" width="232"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Temporary</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">In quantity, needs are...</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 191.35pt;" width="255"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Qualitative</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Quantitative (limited in quantity)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Needs are fulfilled by…..</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Right understanding and right feelings</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Food, clothing, etc.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Needs are ….</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The needs of the body like food for nourishment clothes for protection, and instruments to ensure right utilization can be categorized as being ‘physical’ in nature, or also called ‘physical facilities’ (suvidha) whereas the need of I is essentially to live in a state of continuous happiness (sukh). <u>The needs of the body are physical in nature, whereas the needs of the self (‘I’) are not physical in nature </u>- like trust, respect, happiness etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">In time, needs are… </span></b><u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The needs of ‘I’ are continuous in time, unlike the need of the body, which is temporary in time</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">.<b> </b>We want happiness continuously. We also want the feeling of respect continuously and so also acceptance in relationship. If we talk about food, clothing, shelter, or instruments, these are needed only for some amount of time, or we can say that the need for physical facilities of the body is temporary in time- it is not continuous.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">In quality, needs are….. </span></b><u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Physical facilities are needed for the body in a limited quantity</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. When we try and exceed these limits, it becomes troublesome for us after some time. Let’s take the example of eating. As far as, physical facilities (say rasgulla) go, they are necessary in the beginning, but if we keep consuming, it becomes intolerable with the passage of time. This applies to every physical facility. We can only think of having unlimited physical facilities, but if we try and consume, or have too much of physical facilities, it only ends up becoming a problem for us. Whereas <u>the needs of ‘I’ are qualitative</u> (they are not quantifiable), but we also want them continuously. Our feelings are qualitative. Either they are or they are not. Ex. Happiness is qualitative. Either we are feeling happy or we are not. Also if a feeling is not naturally acceptable; we do not want it even for a single moment. If acceptable, we want it continuously.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Needs are fulfilled by….</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The need of the self (‘I’), for happiness (sukh) is ensured by right understanding and right feelings, while the need of the body, for physical facilities (suvidha), is ensured by appropriate physico-chemical things.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="text-indent: -1cm;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 11. Do you think that human beings are sum-total of sentiments and physical aspects the ‘self’ and the ‘body’? Explain your answer using examples.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">‘I’ is a conscious unit while the body is a material unit. Examine this statement.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">“Human being is more than just the body” – Explain.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">There is the familiar shape and structure of a human being that is immediately apparent to us and we imagine someone with similar human body-like features. But in addition to the body, there is also the alive-ness of the person – the entity that keeps the body ‘alive’ and makes it operate in various ways.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">We perceive this aliveness in the activities demonstrated by the person like their seeing, talking, listening, walking, and eating, etc. This <u>aliveness is called Jivana</u>. Thus, a human being is coexistence of the body and jivan. <u>This jivan refers to itself as ‘I’ (self)</u>. Thus we say “I am so and so” or “I feel tired” or “I am happy” and not “my body is happy”. This I or self is also called ‘consciousness’ and is the sentient constitute of the human being.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The human being is the sum total of sentiments and physical aspect, the self (‘I’) and the body, and there is exchange of information between the two, i.e. ‘I’ and body exist together and are related. <u>There is a flow of information from ‘I’ to the body and from body to the ‘I’</u>. We can make this distinction between the self and the body in three ways in terms of the needs, activities and the types of these two entities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">All the needs of I, say respect, trust, etc., can be called as Happiness (such), while the needs of body are physical facilities (suvidha) like food. The two things are qualitatively different. There is no relevance of quantity for <u>the needs of I as it is qualitative, while the needs of body are quantitative</u>, and they are limited in quantity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The activities of ‘I’ are activities like, <u>desire, thinking, selection</u>, while the activities of body are activities like <u>eating, breathing</u> etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The mode of interaction of ‘I’ includes <u>knowing, assuming, recognizing and fulfilment</u>. The fulfilment depends on recognition depends on assumptions and assumptions depends on knowing or not knowing (beliefs). If assuming is based on knowledge, then recognition will be correct and fulfilment will be correct. If assuming is not based on knowledge, then things may go wrong. The mode of interaction of body is <u>only recognizing and fulfilling</u>. <u>Self is a conscious entity and the body is a material entity, or physic-chemical in nature</u>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">To conclude we can say that the human being can be understood in terms of a co-existence of two entirely distinct entities, namely sentient ‘I’ and material body. Their needs and activities are quite different and have to be understood accordingly. But these two constituents of human being are to act in close synergy with each others.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 12. ‘Human being is co-existence of the Self and the Body’ –
elaborate on this statement.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">‘Human being is the co-existence of the Self and the Body’ –
Explain this statement taking yourself as an example. (MTU 2010 – 11)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. The human being is the co-existence
of ‘I’ and the body, and there is exchange of information between the two, i.e.
‘I’ and body exist together and are related. There is a flow of information
from ‘I’ to the body and from body to the ‘I’. We can make this distinction
between the self and the body in three ways in terms of the needs, activities
and the types of these two entities. All the needs of I, say respect, trust,
etc., can be called as Happiness (such), while the needs of body are physical
facilities (suvidha) like food. The two things are qualitatively different.
There is no relevance of quantity for the needs of I as it is qualitative,
while the needs of body are quantitative, and they are limited in quantity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The activities of ‘I’ are activities like, desire, thinking, selection,
while the activities of body are activities like eating, breathing etc. The
mode of interaction of ‘I’ includes knowing, assuming, recognizing and
fulfilment. The fulfilment depends on recognition depends on assumptions and
assumptions depends on knowing or not knowing (beliefs). If assuming is based
on knowledge, then recognition will be correct and fulfilment will be correct.
If assuming is not based on knowledge, then things may go wrong. The mode of
interaction of body is only recognizing and fulfilling. Self is a conscious
entity and the body is a material entity, or physic-chemical in nature. Thus we
can say:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">To conclude we can say that the human being can be understood in
terms of a co-existence of two entirely distinct entities, namely sentient ‘I’
and material body. Their needs and activities are quite different and have to
be understood accordingly. But these two constituents of human being are to act
in close synergy with each other.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 13. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Explain with examples where
activities involves both body and 'I'<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Differentiate
between the activities of knowing, assuming, recognizing and fulfilling with
the help of an example. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(UPTU
2010 – 11) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Explain the activities of knowing, assuming, recognizing and
fulfillment with one examples. (UPTU 2011 – 12)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Differentiate between the activities of the self and the body
on any two grounds. (MTU 2010 – 11)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What is the qualitative difference between the activities of
the Self and those of the Body? Illustrate with one example. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">How
recognizing and fulfilling in the self do depends upon knowing or assuming? <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Can the activities of the self be distinctly understood from
the activites of the body? Name any three activities and elaborate. (MTU 2011 –
12)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. If we look at the variety
of activities that we are engaged in commonly – we see that we can put them in
three categories:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1. Activities that are going
on in the self<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2. Activities that are going
on in the body<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3. Activities involving both
the self and the body<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Knowing,
assuming, recognizing and fulfilling are the activities involving both the self
and the body.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1. <b>Activities
of recognizing and fulfilling in the body: </b>Apart from the activities of
Breathing, Heartbeat, Digestion etc., the activities of the body can also be
understood as recognition and fulfilment. In fact, the mutual interaction
between any two material entities can be understood as recognition and
fulfilment of their relationship. For example when we are thirsty and drink
water, the body absorbs the water to the extent needed and uses for the
nourishment of the various organs. Here, body recognizes its relation with
water and fulfils it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Fulfilling<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2. Activities of knowing, assuming, recognizing and fulfilling in
the self (‘I’): </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">When it comes to self (jivan
or ‘I’), which is a conscious entity; in addition to ‘recognizing and
fulfilling’, there is also the activity of assuming and that of knowing. In
fact, recognizing and fulfilling in case of human beings will depend upon
knowing and/or assuming.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">a. We assume </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">– We all make
assumptions and our response (recognition and fulfilment) is dependent on the
assumption. For ex.: If I see a snake and assumed it to be a rope, I shall
respond differently to it, than if I take it to be a snake itself. We call this
activity ‘assuming or mannana’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">b. We recognize </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">– We all
recognize things today, we recognize a variety of things. Like, we recognize
water, our parents, friends, etc. We call this activity ‘recognizing or
pahachaanana’. The recognizing in ‘I’ depends on assuming.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">c. We fulfil </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">–The response that
follows recognition is called the activity of ‘fulfilling or nirvaha karna’.
The fulfilment depends on the recognition. For ex.: Once we recognize water, we
take it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Taken
together we can write it as (in I):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:group
id="_x0000_s1027" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;
margin-left:154.1pt;margin-top:7.95pt;width:214.7pt;height:0;z-index:251668480'
coordorigin="3802,5750" coordsize="4294,0">
<v:shape id="_x0000_s1028" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;left:3802;
top:5750;width:1020;height:0' o:connectortype="straight">
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</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1029" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:7076;top:5750;width:1020;height:0' o:connectortype="straight">
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</v:shape></v:group><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 204px; margin-top: 5px; position: absolute; text-align: justify; width: 290px; z-index: 251668480;"></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Assuming ----------------------- Recognizing -------------- Fulfilling<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">There is another activity that exists in us (in ‘I’). This
activity is called ‘knowing’. Knowing means we have the right understanding –
the understanding of harmony at all levels of our living. When we have the
right understanding, when we have the knowledge of reality, it is definite, and
then assuming becomes according to the knowing, and hence recognizing and
fulfilling becomes definite, or according to knowing. Until then, it is subject
to beliefs and assumptions, and this keeps changing. When we list these down:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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height:0;z-index:251669504' coordorigin="3570,7471" coordsize="5004,0">
<v:shape id="_x0000_s1031" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;left:5793;
top:7471;width:576;height:0' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1032" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:7998;top:7471;width:576;height:0' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1033" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:3570;top:7471;width:576;height:0' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape></v:group><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 189px; margin-top: 9px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 337px; z-index: 251669504;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\DELL\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1030 _x0000_s1031 _x0000_s1032 _x0000_s1033" width="337" /></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Knowing <sup>leads to</sup> Assuming <sup>leads to</sup> Recognizing <sup>leads
to</sup> Fulfilling<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid black; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 58.8pt;" width="78"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 135.35pt;" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 139.3pt;" width="186"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">I</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 164.9pt;" width="220"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Body</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 58.8pt;" width="78"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Activities</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 135.35pt;" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Activities
are …..</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 139.3pt;" width="186"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Desiring,
thinking etc.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 164.9pt;" width="220"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Breathing,
heart-beat, etc.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 139.3pt;" width="186"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Knowing,
assuming, recognizing, fulfilling</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 164.9pt;" width="220"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Recognizing,
fulfilling</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 14. How can you say that the activities in ‘I’ are continuous?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Explain how activities in 'I' are continuous.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. There are various activities in ‘I’. These activities are imaging, analyzing and selecting/ tasting. If we observe these activities we will find that we are imaging throughout the day, even at night. During the day, we keep having desires, and these desires don’t stops even at night. The activity of analyzing, takes place all the time as well. <u>What we analyze may keep changing, the activity of analyzing is continuous</u>. Similarly, the activity of selecting/tasting is also continuous. </span><u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The object of the taste may change but the activity of selecting/tasting is continuous</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. We are expecting something all the time. And do the selection on the basis of this expectation. These activities keep going on in us, irrespective of whether we want them or not.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">E.g. my object of taste may change from rasgulla, to engineering or nice looking bike, etc. similarly I may analyze about my personal life at one moment and about my surrounding at the next moment and may start thinking about my relationships.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">These activities keep going on in us irrespective of whether we want them or not. This is what happens when we say “I was going to the exam and that song kept repeating itself in me, it was so distracting”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 15. “The
problem today is that the desires, thoughts and expectations are largely set by
preconditioning or sensations” – examine this statement.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">What are
the problems that we are facing today because of operating on the basis of
pre-conditioned desires and sensation?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">How do we go into conflicts when our activities are not
guided by our natural acceptance?</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Explain
how pre conditioning can lead to unhappiness.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Discuss the
problems that are created by having desire, thoughts and expectation on the
basis of pre – conditioning. (UPTU 2011 – 12)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">How do sensations and pre-conditionings influence our
imagination? Give two examples of each. (MTU 2011 – 12)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In
today’s world, we are largely operating on the basis of assumptions, which may
be right or wrong. How does this lead to uncertainty in ourselves? Illustrate
with examples. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Explain
pre-conditioning and its effects at individual level. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">When our activities are
not guided by our natural acceptance</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">, then they
are guided by preconditioning and sensations. Preconditioning means <u>we have
assumed something about our desires on the basis of prevailing notion about it</u>.
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We
have not verified the desires in our own right. As a result, we are not clear
about what we will get out of fulfilment of that desire. What is the issue with
that? Unless we verify our desires, we may not even know whether they are our!
We may end up spending an entire lifetime accumulating desires that are not
our, and in running about trying to fulfil them!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">
</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sensation is a <u>perception associated with stimulation of a
sense organ or with a specific body condition</u>: the sensation of heat; a
visual sensation.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUJ5pfuXW_mmOeYvEvQnTdI84YEcSdgSjeGpPhYpSpGY7wUkqOnkB9Q24G9lcCMg73JQuVxU8VRleUrm0Q-e_VoSNxSO7gfZjfTbC2o8JYWh2pi0KSjvRlu6-uguMP0TzyZNZw52U6490/s1600/IMG_20171107_124205183.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="949" data-original-width="1600" height="189" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUJ5pfuXW_mmOeYvEvQnTdI84YEcSdgSjeGpPhYpSpGY7wUkqOnkB9Q24G9lcCMg73JQuVxU8VRleUrm0Q-e_VoSNxSO7gfZjfTbC2o8JYWh2pi0KSjvRlu6-uguMP0TzyZNZw52U6490/s320/IMG_20171107_124205183.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We go into conflicts when our activities are not guided by
our natural acceptance: </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Conflicts and contradictions in ‘I’
as a result of pre-conditioned desire<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We have not verified the desires,
thoughts and expectations in us on the basis of our own natural acceptance. As
a result, these desires, thoughts and selections are in conflicts. Since the
desires are in conflict, the thoughts they give rise to, are also in conflict
and in turn, the selection from the thoughts are also in conflicts. This
conflict affects us in different manners:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Wavering aspirations: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Our
goals keep shifting as the inputs from the outside also keep changing. Our
desires thus keep shifting, because their source is outside and these
preconditioned desires may come from what we read, see, hear, from media,
friends, society, etc. hence, we are always wavering in what we want; we are
not able to be certain about it. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lack of confidence: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Since
our desires are shaky, we are not sure about them. As a result, we lack self
confidence, in the true sense. Our confidence seems relative i.e. we keep
comparing ourselves with others in order to feel confident.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unhappiness/conflicts: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Since
our desires, thoughts and expectations are in conflict, it becomes the cause
for our unhappiness, leading to stress and tension. Such desires will also be
in conflict with our natural acceptance <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lack of qualitative improvement in
us: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We
focus largely on fulfilling the needs of the body. As a result, we live with a
sense of lack of fulfilment. We are doing many things, accumulating a lot,
progressing on paper, but we don’t feel that we have improved, that we have
become better. It seems that only the things around us are changing!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">a)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">State of resignation: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Because
we do not understand ourselves properly and have contradictions within, we
slowly start getting disillusioned (pleasant but mistaken beliefs). We feel
that there are no solutions to these issues, and end up in a state of
resignation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">B.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Short lived nature of pleasure from sensations</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">: The pleasure obtained from sensations is short-lived. We have so
much dependent on sensations that instead of giving us some sensory pleasure,
it becomes the source for our happiness. This can be understood as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The external object is temporary in nature the contact of the
external object with the body is temporary in nature. The sensation from the
body to ‘I’ is temporary. And at last the taste of the sensation from the body
in ‘I’ is also temporary. Therefore, if the source for our happiness is
temporary by definition, then our need for continuous happiness will never be
fulfilled. Hence, any sensation we have
from the body can’t be the source for our lasting happiness.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">To sum up, if our desires, thoughts and
expectations are based on pre-conditionings, we are generally in a state of
great confusion. This leads to confusion, unhappiness, conflict and stress. We
have lack of clarity about the self, relationships, society, nature and
existence. We have lack of confidence. We have a feeling of being unfulfilled,
unsettled. We operate largely on the basis of the environment, driven from the
outside – either from sensations, or based on pre-conditionings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 16. “I am the seer, doer and enjoyer. The body is my instrument” – Explain. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(UPTU 2011 – 12)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">How self enjoys the activities of the body?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. There is a relation between the self and body that body act as an instrument of self. Whatever self thinks body performs it physically. Body does not decide itself. We can verify this by the following discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">I am the seer</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">: When we are reading a book or listening, when someone is explaining something to us, when we are watching a scenery or when we are thinking – we are engaged in the activities of ‘seeing’ or understanding. Now when we see some nice scenery we say ‘I am seeing’ that means our self ‘I’ see via the eyes, the eyes don’t see, they are just instruments, that unable me to see something outside. Different images are formed in the eyes every time, but it is I who is able to relate it to the meaning of that image every time. Similarly, I can see inside ‘in me’ also – without the eyes. For example I can see that I am getting angry. In this case I understand or know or am aware that I am getting angry. When I see outside the body works as an instrument. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">I am the doer</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">: once I have seen/ understood something, I am the one who decides what to do or not to do. I am the doer. For example, when I see the scenery I am the one who decide to take a picture of the scenery. I use my hands to pick camera and click a picture. The hands in the body are thus used as an instrument. In this way I work with my hands and legs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">I am the enjoyer</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">: I saw the scenery and I took the picture. I am the seer and doer so far. When I see the picture I like it. I am the one that enjoys it. Thus there is a continuity of being the seer, doer and enjoyer. Similarly when I eat, I am the one that gets the taste – from the tongue.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 17. Explain the activities of imaging, analyzing and selecting/ tasting with a diagram. With the help of an example, show how are they related.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What do you mean by ‘Power’ and ‘Activity’ of self?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. The self is conscious in nature while the body is physico-chemical in nature. <u>The interaction between the ‘I’ and the body is in the form of exchange of information</u>. So the focus of attention is on two categories of attributes of the self, namely, the powers of the self and the corresponding activities as the manifest outcomes of these powers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Power</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">: This means <u>the basic capacity in the self (‘I’)</u>. They are: desires, thoughts and expectations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Activities</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">: </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Activity is the <u>process of utilizing this power</u>. The activities are: imaging, analyzing, and selecting/tasting. The activity of analyzing means breaking down the image into various parts or to open it up. Selecting/tasting is with the expectation of fulfilling our desires with the expectation of happiness. The activity of selecting/tasting is the basic level via which the self interacts with the body.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">We can understand the activities by a simple example. We may have a desire to have respect by being the owner of a big house. This is in the form of imaging – we have an image in us of fulfilment of this need for respect via a house. Based on this image, we start working out the details of the house. The house will have rooms and a verandha, there will be a kitchen garden on the backside, it will have four rooms etc. Here the image of wanting respect from the house split into many parts – this is called analyzing. Now that we have worked out the details of the house, we go about choosing the size, colour, etc. of the rooms and other details. This is called selecting/ tasting. They are related in the sense that without the activity of imaging, analyzing will not be possible and without analyzing, activity of selection/ tasting will not take place.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 18. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“The pleasures
that we derive from sensations are short lived and the efforts to extend them
lead to misery” – examine this statement. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Elaborate how sensation from the
body cannot be a source for continuous happiness.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <u>A perception associated with stimulation
of a sense organ or with a specific body condition: the sensation of heat; a
visual sensation. </u>A term commonly used to refer to the subjective
experience resulting from stimulation of a sense organ, for instance, a
sensation of warm, sour, or green.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The pleasure obtained from sensations is
short-lived. We are driven by five sensations (sound from the ears, touch from
the skin, sight through eyes, taste from the mouth, and smell from the nose)
and most of the time we are busy trying to get pleasure from sensations, from
the senses. We have so much dependent on sensations that instead of giving us
some sensory pleasure, it becomes the source for our happiness. Then what is
the issue with this is? This can be understood as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The external object is temporary in
nature the contact of the external object with the body is temporary in nature.
The sensation from the body to ‘I’ is temporary. And at last the taste of the
sensation from the body in ‘I’ is also temporary. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The need of the ‘I’ is continuous</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">,
i.e. we want to have happiness, and its continuity. Therefore, if the source
for our happiness is temporary by definition, then our need for continuous
happiness will never be fulfilled. Hence, any sensation we have from the body
can’t be the source for our lasting happiness.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">No matter how much we try to be become
happy via the senses, or via bodily sensation, it does not last. This does not
mean that we stop these sensations from the body, or that we stop tasting from
the senses. It only means that we need to understand the limitations of
happiness or pleasure got from the sensations from the body and need to
understand what is there use or purpose. If we confuse this purpose with the
happiness, we are in trouble, since something that is temporary can’t be the
source for our continuous happiness.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We can thus understand that living on
the basis of preconditioning (“good life means having a nice car”) or
sensations (happiness out of taste from the body) means being in a state of
being decided by the others or outside, i.e. enslaved (partantrata). We are at
the mercy of the preconditioning and the sensation. Whereas, we want to be in
the state of self-organization of being decided by our own self, in our own
right (svantrata).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 19. Explian the activities of realizaiton and
understanding. How do they lead to harmony in the activities of ‘I’? Illustrate
with an example. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">How does
realization and understanding lead to definiteness of human conduct?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Realization and understanding are
essential for happiness and harmony. Explain.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS. Realization: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Means
<u>to be able to see the reality as it is</u>. In
realization, we get the answer to “what is the reality?” This, for each one of
us, translates into the answers to “what to do?” and “why to do?” when we
operate on the basis of realization and gains understanding according to the
realization then it give definiteness and certainty and makes us self
organized.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Understanding: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Means
<u>to be able to understand the self organization in all entities of
nature/existence and their inter-connected organization “as it is”</u>. We are able to see the harmonious interconnectedness at all
the levels of our living. Understanding plays an important role in desire
making. When we do not have the right understanding, our desire keep shifting,
and this indefiniteness is reflected in our thoughts, and selections we make,
and finally in our behaviour and work. On the other hand, when our
understanding is based on realization and we use this understanding in desire
making then our desire will be correct and thoughts and selection will be
according to the understanding.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">These are the two activities in the self
(‘I’) (placed at point 1 and 2 in the figure). When we have (1) realization
then (2) understanding becomes according to the realization. When this happens,
then (3) imaging or desires get set according to this understanding.
Consequently, (4) analysis or thoughts become according to the imaging/desires
and hence, the (5) expectations or selection/taste are according to the
thoughts/analysis. This is called self- organization or svantrata. This leads
to happiness and its continuity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In realization and understanding, we get
the answer to “what is the reality?” This, for each one of us, translates into
the answers to “what to do?” and “why to do?” Then what remains to find out is
“how to do?”, which comes from imagination (activities 3, 4, and 5). Is we see
today we are focusing on “how to do?”, without trying to first verify “what to
do?” and “why to do?”! It is just like traveling in a comfortable AC vehicle on
a smooth road without knowing where we have to go!</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ02z5vGjr7BQIRZUtuUr2hOoVcjn6JvCvhw9WrwnkJpOnPjiG3EtbePuv8FQw9QPKiYL0nC2ExigEprxjui00pCnZ62kpmeF8AyvidBkaKI3bAHC51mplyFIO0vudVuQ0kpHTPcniE9M/s1600/IMG_20171107_125204644.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="856" data-original-width="1600" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ02z5vGjr7BQIRZUtuUr2hOoVcjn6JvCvhw9WrwnkJpOnPjiG3EtbePuv8FQw9QPKiYL0nC2ExigEprxjui00pCnZ62kpmeF8AyvidBkaKI3bAHC51mplyFIO0vudVuQ0kpHTPcniE9M/s320/IMG_20171107_125204644.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 20. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Explain
with examples the various activities in the self 'I'.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Briefly explain the activities of Desire, Thought and
Expectation in the self with an example. (MTU 2011 – 12)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">With the help of one example each, explain how the activities
of the self (selecting/ tasting, analysing, imaging) may be in harmony or
disharmony? (UPTU2012 -13)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
self is conscious in nature while the body is physico-chemical in nature. The
interaction between the ‘I’ and the body is in the form of exchange of
information. So the focus of attention is on two categories of attributes of
the self, namely, the powers of the self and the corresponding activities as
the manifest outcomes of these powers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Power</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
This means the basic capacity in the self (‘I’).<b> </b>They are: desires, thoughts and expectations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Activities</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
The activities are: imaging, analyzing, and selecting/tasting. The activity of
analyzing means breaking down the image into various parts or to open it up.
Selecting/tasting is with the expectation of fulfilling our desires with the
expectation of happiness. The activity of selecting/tasting is the basic level
via which the self interacts with the body.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A simple example to understand these
activities is a follow:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">We
may have desire to have respect by being the owner of a big house. This is in
the form of imaging – we have an image in us of fulfilment of this need for
respect via a house.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Based
on this desire, we start working out the details of the house. Ex no. of rooms,
storeys, on which floor in will stay. The image of wanting respect from the
house is split into many parts – this is called analysing. The activity of
analysing means breaking down the image into various parts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Now
that we have worked out the details of the house, we go about choosing the
size, colour etc. of the room. This is called selecting / tasting.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvMMLLPwYk9iKJ8iD8rzrKEGbGYCzrOVfeZi8DZ9KMMr8Hwz_9nj28vGwxlfKruH338mW0uJDWrVS6vEInjiANAiz-BEGmSf9QftMY1Vhe3xol9MSady0VCh0x1aLOpAzUz1NbNGuhbus/s1600/IMG_20171107_125134034.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1002" data-original-width="1600" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvMMLLPwYk9iKJ8iD8rzrKEGbGYCzrOVfeZi8DZ9KMMr8Hwz_9nj28vGwxlfKruH338mW0uJDWrVS6vEInjiANAiz-BEGmSf9QftMY1Vhe3xol9MSady0VCh0x1aLOpAzUz1NbNGuhbus/s320/IMG_20171107_125134034.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(<i>for
the answer of last ques you have to give examples from your own life</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 21. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Explain
how activities in self (I) are inter related.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The self is conscious in nature while
the body is physico-chemical in nature. The interaction between the ‘I’ and the
body is in the form of exchange of information. So the focus of attention is on
two categories of attributes of the self, namely, the powers of the self and
the corresponding activities as the manifest outcomes of these powers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Power</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
This means the basic capacity in the self (‘I’). They are: desires, thoughts
and expectations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Activities</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
The activities are: imaging, analyzing, and selecting/tasting. The activity of
analyzing means breaking down the image into various parts or to open it up.
Selecting/tasting is with the expectation of fulfilling our desires with the
expectation of happiness. The activity of selecting/tasting is the basic level
via which the self interacts with the body.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Activities in self are
related: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">There are two possible flows of the activities and
both keep taking place:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwx_QBQ96798rQpd7eWUX6UcqLcwTHok8DtoGAzWu7XomKaXO_MQnfIaCmIrlZ1CYV_GFM1rI0Auocsg2eALS6wvZjPjOFZT9pJ73pxteQJEsO9L1rf-vv_l4BFcPowG9BD5TjvvoG6Ts/s1600/IMG_20171107_125223119.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1130" data-original-width="1600" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwx_QBQ96798rQpd7eWUX6UcqLcwTHok8DtoGAzWu7XomKaXO_MQnfIaCmIrlZ1CYV_GFM1rI0Auocsg2eALS6wvZjPjOFZT9pJ73pxteQJEsO9L1rf-vv_l4BFcPowG9BD5TjvvoG6Ts/s320/IMG_20171107_125223119.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">From outside (the body)
to inside (in ‘I’)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.6pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 21.6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.4pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Self
receives sensations from body tasted in ‘I’ e.g. our self see a car through the
information via ‘eyes’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.6pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 21.6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.4pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Based
on taste, thought could be triggered e.g. we start thinking about the car.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.6pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 21.6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.4pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Based
on these thoughts, desires may be set e.g. when we starts thinking about the
car it forms an image that we are leading a good life by using a car and this
way a good life by having a car becomes a desire. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:line id="_x0000_s1026" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;z-index:251670528' from="197.05pt,10.2pt" to="233.05pt,10.2pt">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 262px; margin-top: 8px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 51px; z-index: 251670528;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\DELL\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1026" width="51" /></span><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:line id="_x0000_s1027"
style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;z-index:251671552' from="306.35pt,11.2pt"
to="342.35pt,11.2pt">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 407px; margin-top: 9px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 51px; z-index: 251671552;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\DELL\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1027" width="51" /></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Selection <sup>leads to</sup> Thoughts <sup>leads to</sup> Desires<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">From inside (in ‘I’) to
outside (the body)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.6pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 21.6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.4pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">When
desire is set we start forming thoughts about fulfilling this desire. E.g. with
the desire of a good life via the car, we start thinking about how to get the
car, what is the cost of the car, how can I have that car, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.6pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 21.6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.4pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Based
on this we make selection to fulfill these thoughts e.g. we choose the car its
shape color etc and then end up buying it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 388px; margin-top: 8px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 70px; z-index: 251673600;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\DELL\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1029" width="70" /></span><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:line id="_x0000_s1028"
style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;z-index:251672576' from="176.3pt,10.5pt"
to="226.7pt,10.5pt">
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 234px; margin-top: 8px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 70px; z-index: 251672576;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\DELL\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1028" width="70" /></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Desires <sup>leads to</sup> Thoughts <sup>leads to</sup> Selection<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Together
we call these activities as imagination. Activities in self are continuous.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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to="329.6pt,10.1pt">
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 393px; margin-top: 7px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 48px; z-index: 251676672;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\DELL\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1032" width="48" /></span><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:line id="_x0000_s1031"
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to="236.2pt,9.95pt">
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 266px; margin-top: 7px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 51px; z-index: 251675648;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\DELL\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1031" width="51" /></span><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:line id="_x0000_s1033"
style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;z-index:251677696' from="382.35pt,10.25pt"
to="429.15pt,10.25pt">
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</v:line><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 509px; margin-top: 8px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 65px; z-index: 251677696;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\DELL\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image007.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1033" width="65" /></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Selection <sup>leads to</sup> Thoughts
<sup>leads to</sup> Desires <sup>leads to</sup> Thoughts
<sup>leads to</sup> Selection<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 22. What are the programs for ensuring the health of the body? Explain.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What are the programs to take care of the body? Explain.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Suggest programms to ensure proper functioning of your body. Can we sustain them without right understanding? (MTU 2010 – 11)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Our present lifestyle and conditionings are not very conductive to keep the body fit and therefore it is important to understand sanyama and swasthya correctly and maintain proper harmony with the body. As a proposal, we need to work for the following few things<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">To understand and live with sanyama.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">To understand the self organization of the body and ensure health of the body.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Understanding and Living with Sanyama : </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Sanyama implies that the self takes the responsibility for proper nurturing, and right utilization of the body. For this it is essential to understand the functioning of the body instrument. It is also essential to understand that this instrument has a limited life span and undergoes a pattern of growth and decay. The interaction of the self with the body has to be in consonance with the above objectives which are achieved through sanyama.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Understanding the self organization of the body and ensure health of the body:</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">a.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Nurturing of the Body: Proper Food, Air, Water, Etc.: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">In the process of selecting food for the body, I need to make out the elements which make a complete food so that it gives required nutrients and energy to the body. On the basis of understanding of the harmony of the self with the body, it can be said that the food needs to be eaten only when we feel hungry. The choice of the food has to be such that it is easily digestible and the food needs to be taken with proper posture of the body and in right quantity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">b.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Protection of the Body: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The second issue is the protection of the body. The clothes we choose for protection need to be such that they ensure proper interaction of the body with the environment. The right amount of exposure of the body to the air, water, and sun is required to ensure its proper functioning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">c.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Right Utilization of the Body (Sadupayoga): </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Right utilization of the body as an instrument necessitates understanding the purpose for which this instrument is to be used. Normally, we tend to believe that the body is an instrument for sensory enjoyment, which is not correct. We also happen to use our body to exploit other human beings or rest of the nature which is not right utilization. It is important to realize that the human body is an instrument to facilitate right understanding and its actualization in life.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 23. What is the responsibility of the self towards the body? How is it fulfilled?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">How does the feeling of sanyama facilitate the correct appraisal of our physical needs?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Suggest any two programs that you can undertake to improve the health of your body.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">How can we ensure the health of the body? Explain.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">In what way does self control help us?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">How does the feeling of sanyam ensure health of the body? List two programs of sanyam.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> (UPTU 2010 – 11)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Explain the relation between the self and the body. What is the responsibility of the self towards the body? (UPTU 2009-10)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What do you mean by Sanyam? How does it ensure harmony with the body? Explain. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(UPTU 2011 – 12)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. The self has the responsibility for nurturing, protection and right utilization of the body. For this self has to follow some programs. We need to work to understand the self organization of the body and ensure health of the body.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Nurturing of the Body:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Proper Food, Air, Water, Etc.: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">In the process of selecting food for the body, I need to make out the elements which make a complete food so that it gives required nutrients and energy to the body. On the basis of understanding of the harmony of the self with the body, it can be said that the food needs to be eaten only when we feel hungry. The choice of the food has to be such that it is easily digestible and the food needs to be taken with proper posture of the body and in right quantity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Protection of the Body:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The second issue is the protection of the body. The clothes we choose for protection need to be such that they ensure proper interaction of the body with the environment. The right amount of exposure of the body to the air, water, and sun is required to ensure its proper functioning. To ensure the heath of the Body, we need to take care of the following- i) Ahar-Vihar, ii) Shram- Vyayam, iii) Asana-Pranayam and iv) Aushadhi-Chikitsa. We have already discussed about Ahar (Food), let us now discuss about the others:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1. <u>Proper upkeep (Vihar) of the Body</u>: When we work, the Body gets tired. When we take rest, the Body becomes fit to work. But again, there is a limit to the amount of work and rest we need. We also need to ensure proper time, posture and ways to work and to rest. We need to provide hygienic conditions for proper functioning of the Body. These issues are included in the upkeep of the Body.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2. <u>Labour</u>: Labour is another requirement. It means employing the body physically for production and maintenance of physical facilities. The labour we do helps each part of the Body to function properly. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3. <u>Physical Exercises</u>: We are aware of physical exercises. While doing labour, some parts of the Body may get stressed much while others may not get employed to that extent. With exercises, we can employ all the parts of the Body in the desired way.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">4. <u>Asan-Pranayam</u>: This is another way to keep the Body function properly. In Asanas, we give the body proper postures by sitting or lying, and in Pranayam, we ensure reguation of the breathing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">5. <u>Treatment of the body</u>: When the Body gets hurt, or is in disorder by either misuse or because of the adversities of the environment etc., there is a natural tendency of the Body to heal and come back to its desired state of health. We only need to facilitate this process, and not suppress it. Thus, when unpleasant sensations come from the Body indicating disorder, they are to be properly interpreted and attended to.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">With all the care we take, the body may require treatment at times. There are several approaches to ensure this. It may be that just by going without food for some time, the Body gets cured. Right choice for food may also help. The treatment of the Body can be done by proper exposures of the Body to air, water or sun too. Use of herbs or medicines may also serve the purpose. Here one thing to understand is that, the system of the body works in a self-organized way and I only need to facilitate the self-organization of the body by arranging for material things. One thing to take care about is that while curing the Body of one problem, we need to choose ways which do not give rise to other problems.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Right utilization of the body (Sadupyog): </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Right utilization of the Body as an instrument necessitates understanding the purpose for which this instrument is to be used. Normally we tend to believe that the Body is an instrument for sensory enjoyment, which is not correct. We also happen to use our Body to exploit other human beings or rest of the nature which is also not right utilization. It is important to realize that the human body is an instrument to facilitate right understanding and its actualization in life.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">This is an important issue. I need to ensure that I use my Body for right behaviour and work. When I do so, it has favourable effects on the Body. On the other hand, if I use it for acting in opposition with other human beings or nature, like quarrelling, fighting, hitting, it has adverse effects on the Body. I also need to arrange for equipments/ instruments for right utilization of the body. They increase the efficiency and capacity of the body.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 24. What is our present attitude towards the body? What are its consequences?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">“The state of harmony or lack of it in the self has a strong influence on the health of the body” – comment on this statement and illustrate with an example.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">In what way are we irresponsible towards our body? What are its consequences?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. The human body is a self organized and highly sophisticated mechanism. Today we are facing different problems and they are lack of responsibility towards the body, tendency for medication to suppress the ailment, and polluted air, water, food. Let’s take them in detail:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Lack of Responsibility towards the Body: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Our lifestyle has become very busy and unnatural. We usually do not give priority to take proper care of the body. We have increasingly stated eating at odd hours, eating junk food, and are largely ignorant about the state of our body.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Tendency for Medication to Suppress the Ailment: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Whenever there is a pain in any part of the body, it is a signal of some disorder which needs to be properly attended to. However, our common tendency has become to suppress this pain by immediate medication and then forget about it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Polluted Air, Water, Food: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">We have polluted our environment today and it is directly or indirectly harming us. There is contamination in the air, water, soil, plants and we are responsible for it. Our food has become impure. Due to heavy use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and a lot of pollutions, our food has all kinds of toxic contents in it. The air we breathe in, is polluted by various chemicals released from industries and vehicles, while our water is also polluted due to industrial effluents (liquid sewage), sewage etc. all this, surely, is not conductive to the health of people.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 25. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">In what way can we say that the human body is a self organized unit?</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The human body is a self organized and highly sophisticated mechanism. The body is made up of several organs and glands and the different parts of the body keep working in a close co-ordination. All the activities keep the body fit for the use of ‘I’ (self or jivana) so that ‘I’ and the body may work in synergy as a human being. The silent aspects of this harmony b/w ‘I’ and the body are:-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The body acts according to the needs of I.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">There is harmony among the parts of the body.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What our body follow only by the permission of I.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">There is a strong coupling b/w I and the body. If I am in disharmony e.g. in anger or stress or despair. It immediately starts affecting the body adversely.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">5.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">There are many diseases of the body that are caused or accentuated due to disharmony in I. These are called psychosomatic diseases such as asthma, migraine, hyper-tension etc. On the other hand, when there is a strong disturbance in the body manifesting in the form of severe pain, it distracts I from its normal functions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">6.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">I have the feeling of sanyama for the body and the body has swasthya. Sanyama is basic to swasthya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 26. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The needs of the body are quantitative. Illustrate.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">When we try to achieve continuity of happiness through sensation by perpetuating contact with suvidha, the following pattern results: Necessary and tasteful => unnacessary but tasteful => unnacessary and tasteless => inrolerable. Do you agree with this statement? Support your answer with arguments. (MTU 2011 – 12)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Need of body are required in limited quantity. Illustrate with help of examples.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Need of body are physical facilities. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Physical facilities are needed for the body in a limited quantity. When we try and exceed these limits, it becomes troublesome for us after some time. Let’s take the example of eating. As far as, physical facilities (say rasgulla) go, they are necessary in the beginning, but if we keep consuming, it becomes intolerable with the passage of time. This applies to every physical facility. We can only think of having unlimited physical facilities, but if we try and consume, or have too much of physical facilities, it only ends up becoming a problem for us. When we try to perpetuate physical facilities, the following pattern results. With time it successively changes from:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="height: 22px; left: 0px; margin-left: 325px; margin-top: 16px; position: absolute; width: 12px; z-index: 251682304;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Necessary and tasteful</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Unnecessary but tasty =></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Unnecessary and tasteless =></span></div>
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<span style="position: relative; z-index: 251683328;"><span style="height: 23px; left: 325px; position: absolute; top: -2px; width: 12px;"><img height="23" src="file:///C:/Users/DELL/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1027" width="12" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Intolerable!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(<b><i>To elaborate this answer student can give 2-3 different names of physical things they find necessary for them</i></b>)</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 27. What is pre-conditioning?</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
What is their source? <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What is the
meaning of desire? How do we verify whether our desries are comming from
sensations or preconditioning or natural acceptance? </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(UPTU 2010 – 11)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">How human mind gets
influenced or conditioned?</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
(UPTU 2010 – 11)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What are the source of
preconditioning?</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. Preconditioning means <b>we have assumed something about our desires
on the basis of prevailing notion about it</b>. They comes from what we read,
see hear, what our parents tell us, our friends talk about what the magazines
talk of, what we see on the TV etc. We have not self-verified the desires in
our own right. As a result, we are not clear about what we will get out of
fulfilment of that desire. The problem with that is, unless we verify our
desires, we may not even know whether they are our. We may end up spending an
entire lifetime accumulating desires that are not ours, and in running about
trying to fulfil them.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 28. What do you mean by right utilization of the body?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. Normally we tend to
believe that the body is an instrument for sensory enjoyment, which is not
correct. We also happen to our body to exploit other human beings or rest of
the nature, which is also not right utilization. Body is the instrument of the
self and the <u>body needs to be given nutrition, protection and utilized to
work as an efficient and effective tool for the right purpose</u>. This
utilization is termed as right utilization. In other words, employing our body
as an instrument for sensory enjoyment, and to exploit other human beings or
rest of the nature is not the right utilization. On the contrary utilizing our
body for right behaviour and work is actually the right utilization of the
body.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 29. How are sanyama and svasthya related? <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Define sanyama and
svasthya. How are the two related? <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Write a short note
on developing ‘self control’ and ensuring a healthy life. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What is sanyam? How is it necessary
in ensuring svasthya? <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What is swasthya? How does 'I'
affect the body in performing its functions?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Define
Sanyam and Swasthya. How are they helpful in keeping harmony between self and
body. (UPTU 2011 – 12)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. Sanyama means <u>the
feeling of responsibility in the self (I) for nurturing, protection and right
utilization of the body</u>. Self control or sanyama is the control of the mind
and its desires, urges, emotions and delusions. It is controlling the outgoing
tendencies of the mind and the senses and bringing them back to our self
within. Swasthya is <u>the condition of the body where every part of the body
is performing its expected function</u>. The word swasthya literally means
being anchored to the self, being in close harmony with the self. In other
words, swasthya, in Sanskrit means self– dependence (swa = your own). Also,
embedded in its meaning are health, sound state, comfort and satisfaction. So
we can say that sanyam ensures swasthya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">With right understanding, I get self-organized and take care of
the body properly. With lack of right understanding, I am able to do it and the
body becomes unhealthy. With right understanding and right feelings, the body
gets favourably affected. For example; when I am happy, the temperature and
pressure in the body are normal, when I am angry or tense, they get upset. It
means if I am in disharmony, say in anger or stress or despair, it immediately
starts affecting the body adversely. There are many diseases of the body that
are caused due to disharmony in ‘I’. These are called psychosomatic disease,
such as asthma, allergies, migraine, diabetes, hypertension etc. so we can say
that sanyam has a strong effect on swasthya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">UNIT 3<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Short answer questions<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Define the following terms<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></b></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Trust: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Trust or vishwas is the foundational value in relationship. “<u>To be assured that each human being inherently wants oneself and the other to be happy and prosperous</u>” is known as trust.</span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> </span></b></li>
</ol>
<ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Respect: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Respect means <u>individuality</u>. The sense of individuality is prime object. This is the first basic step towards respect (sammana). Once we realized that we are individual then only we can see ourself different from others. In other words, respect means <u>right evaluation, to be evaluated as I am</u>.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Affection: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Affection is <u>the feeling of being related to the other</u>. Affection comes when I recognize that we both want to make each other happy and both of us are similar. Then for the first time, I feel that I am related to the other that the other is a relative of mine. This feeling is called affection.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="4" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Care:</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> The feeling of care is <u>the feeling to nurture and protect the body of our relative</u>. Care is level of active concern, or lack of negligence, towards avoidance of possible dangers, mistakes, pitfalls, and risks, demanded of a party as a duty or legal obligation. We understand a human being as a coexistence of the self (‘I’) and the body, and the body is an instrument of ‘I’. Based on this understanding, we take the responsibility of nurturing and protecting the body of our relatives.</span></li>
</ol>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Guidance:</span></b><u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> The feeling of ensuring right understanding and feelings in the other (my relative)</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> is called guidance. We understand the need of self (‘I’) for right understanding and feelings. We also understand that the other is similar to me in his/her faculty of natural acceptance, desire of wanting continuous happiness and the program of living in harmony at all the four levels. The other is also similar to me in the potential of desire, thoughts and expectation.</span></li>
</ol>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Reverence:</span></b><u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> The feeling of acceptance of excellence in the other</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> is called reverence. We understand that we aspire for continuous happiness and to realize it, we have to understand harmony at all the levels of our living, and live accordingly. When we see that the other has achieved this excellence- which means to understand and to live in harmony at all the levels of living ensuring continuity of happiness, we have a feeling of reverence for him/her. This feeling of accepting the excellence in the other is called reverence.</span></li>
</ol>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Glory:</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> Glory is <u>the feeling for someone who has made efforts for excellence</u>. We find that there have been people in the history, or even around us, who are investing their time, energy and their belongings to achieve excellence (to understand and to live in harmony at all levels of living ensuring continuity of happiness), to make others excellent. This gives us a feeling of glory for them.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="8" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Gratitude:</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> Gratitude is <u>the feeling of acceptance for those who have made efforts for my excellence</u>. Gratitude is an emotion that occurs after people receive help, depending on how they interpret the situation. Specifically, gratitude is experienced if people perceive the help they receive as (a) valuable to them, (b) costly to their benefactor, and (c) given by the benefactor with benevolent intentions.</span></li>
</ol>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Love:</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> Love is called <u>the complete value</u> since this is <u>the feeling of relatedness to all human beings</u>. It is the <u>emotion of strong affection and personal attachment</u>. In other words, love is a feeling of warm personal attachment or deep affection, as for a parent, child, or friend. It starts with identifying that one is related to the other human being (the feeling of affection) and it slowly expands to the feeling of being related to all human beings.</span></li>
</ol>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Justice:</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> Justice is the <u>recognition of values (the definite feelings) in relationship, their fulfilment, the right evaluation of the fulfilment resulting in mutual happiness</u>. Justice concerns itself with the proper ordering of things and people within a society. There are four elements: Recognition of values, fulfilment, evaluation and mutual happiness ensured. When all the four are ensured, justice is ensured. Mutual fulfilment is the hallmark of justice.</span></li>
</ol>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Differentiation (</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Disrespect)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">differentiation means accepting other on the basis of body features, physical facilities or belief and not on the basis of right evaluation.</span></li>
</ol>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Intention:</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> Intention is <u>what one aspires for (our natural acceptance)</u>. In intention every human being wants to do what is right.</span></li>
</ol>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Competence:</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> Competence is <u>the ability to fulfil the aspiration</u>. The competence may be lacking which needs to be developed through proper understanding and practice.</span></li>
</ol>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Fearlessness:</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> Mutual trust and complementariness. It means every member of society feels related to everyone else and therefore there is trust and fearlessness. When every individual is able to live harmoniously in relationship, and the needs of all the families are ensured, fearlessness (mutual trust) in society will naturally follow.</span></li>
</ol>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Co-existence: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Co-existence means to be related, to be in harmony. In other words there is a relationship and complementarity among all the entities in nature including human being. When human beings with right understanding interact with nature, it will be in consonance with the coexistence and will be mutually enriching.</span></li>
</ol>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Education – Right living: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The content of education (shiksha) is the understanding of harmony at all the four levels of our existence – from myself to the entire existence. Right living (sanskaar) referes to the ability to live in harmony at all the four levels of living. This dimension of society works to ensure ‘Right understanding’ and ‘Right Feeling’ or all encompassing solution called <i>Samadhan</i> in every individual.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="17" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Health – Self-regulation: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Sanyam (Self regulation) regeres to a feeling of responsibility for nurturing, protecting and rightly utilizing the body. When the body is fit to act according to the needs of the self (I) and there is harmony among the parts of the body, it si referred to as health or svasthya. Sanyam is basis of swasthya. This dimension of society works to ensure ‘Prosperity’.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="18" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Justice – Preservation: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Nyaya (Justice) refers to harmony in the relationship between human beings, while preservation (suraksha) referes to harmony in the relationship between human being and the rest of the nature (enrichment, protection and right utilization of the nature). This dimension of society works to ensure ‘Fearlessness’ and ‘Coexistence’.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="19" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Production – Work: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Work refers to the physical efforts made by human on the rest of the nature, while production refers to the output / physical produce that is obtained through these efforts. This dimension of society works to ensure ‘Prosperity’ and ‘Coexistence’.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="20" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Exchange – Storage: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Exchange refers to the exchange of physical facilities between the members of the society, while storage refers to the storage of physical facilities that is left after fulfilling the needs of the family. It is important to note that exchange and storage is done for mutual fulfilment and not for madness of profit or exploitation or hoarding. This dimension of society works to ensure ‘Prosperity’ and ‘Fearlessness’.</span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> </span></b></li>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 21. Define trust. Or How is ‘trust’ the foundation value of relationships?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What do you understand by ‘trust’? What is its importance in human relationship? (UPTU 2011–12)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Trust or vishwas is the foundational value in relationship. “<u>To be assured that each human being inherently wants oneself and the other to be happy and prosperous</u>” is known as trust. Having faith in others and believing them. Trust is the expectation of people that they can rely on our word. It is built through integrity and consistency in relationships. To keep the trust on ourself and others, we have to pay attention on the intensions and to understand if we or the other person is not able to do benefit, it is because we are lacking competence. Trust is the result of right understanding of the intention of all the human beings around us. This trust helps to improve our competence in others and in ourselves.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 22. Define ‘affection’. Or How does affection lead to harmony in the family?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Affection is <u>the feeling of being related to the other</u>. Affection comes when I recognize that we both want to make each other happy and both of us are similar. Then for the first time, I feel that I am related to the other that the other is a relative of mine. This feeling is called affection. The feeling of affection comes only if trust and respect are already ensured. Without trust and respect, we feel the other is trying to make us unhappy, does not wish well for us and hence we can never feel affection for him/her. We always see the other as being in opposition.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 23. Difference between reaction and response</span></b></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Reaction</span></u></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Doubt on intention.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Irritation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Getting angry<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Fights.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Response</span></u></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">We are able to see that relationship IS at the level of ‘I’.<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">We feel the relatedness with the other – at the level of ‘I’<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">We don’t doubt the intention of the other ‘I’.<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">We feel a sense of responsibility to improve our own competence and the other’s competence<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">5.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">We work for mutual fulfilment.<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 24. Difference between respect and differentiation.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What is the difference between respect and disrespect? Which of the two is maturally acceptable to you? (UPTU 2009-10, 2011 – 12)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. Difference between respect and differentiation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Respect</span></u></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Respect is right evaluation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Respect for others is generated by the right evaluation and understanding which leads to fulfilment in relationships. This further creates a sense of respect among people.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Differentiation</span></u></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Differentiation is lack of understanding of respect.<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">This differentiation can take the form of:<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">à<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Gender bias<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">à<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Generation gap<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">à<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Caste struggle<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">à<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Power play and domination<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">à<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Communal violence<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">à<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Clash of race, religion, etc.<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">à<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">class struggle,<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">This leads to the escalation in the problems of society which further lowers the respect shown to others in society.<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Long answer questions<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 25. Define love. Or How can you say that love is the complete value?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. Love is called <u>the complete value</u> since this is <u>the feeling of relatedness to all human beings</u>. It is the <u>emotion of strong affection and personal attachment</u>. In other words, love is a feeling of warm personal attachment or deep affection, as for a parent, child, or friend. It starts with identifying that one is related to the other human being (the feeling of affection) and it slowly expands to the feeling of being related to all human beings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">The word <i>love</i> can refer to a variety of different feelings, states, and attitudes, ranging from generic pleasure ("I loved that meal") to intense interpersonal attraction ("I love my wife"). "Love" can also refer specifically to the passionate desire and intimacy of romantic love, to the sexual love of Eros (cf. Greek words for love), to the emotional closeness of familial love, or to the platonic love that defines friendship, to the profound oneness or devotion of religious love. This diversity of uses and meanings, combined with the complexity of the feelings involved, makes love unusually difficult to consistently define, even compared to other emotional states.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">This feeling or value is also called the complete value since this is the feeling of relatedness to all human beings. It starts with identifying that one is related to the other human being (the feeling of affection) and it slowly expands to the feeling of being related to all human beings. The feeling of love leads to an undivided society, it starts from a family and slowly expands to the world family in the form of love.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 26. What
is meaning of justice in human relationships? How does it follow from family to
world family? (UPTU 2009 - 10) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What
is ‘justice’? What are its four elements? Is it a continuous or a temporary
need? <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Explain justice with the help of
the diagram.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What is justice?
How does it lead to mutual happiness? (UPTU 2011 – 12)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. Justice is the <u>recognition
of values (the definite feelings) in relationship, their fulfilment, the right
evaluation of the fulfilment resulting in mutual happiness</u>. Justice
concerns itself with the proper ordering of things and people within a society.
There are four elements: Recognition of values, fulfilment, evaluation and
mutual happiness ensured. When all the four are ensured, justice is ensured.
Mutual fulfilment is the hallmark of justice. And justice is essential in all
relationships. Justice starts from family and slowly expands to the world
family. The child gets the understanding of justice in the family. With this
understanding, he goes out in the society and interacts with people.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">If the understanding of justice is ensured in the family, there
will be justice in all the interactions we have in the world at large. If we do
not understand the values in relationships, we are governed by our petty
prejudices and conditionings. We may treat people as high or low based on their
body (particular caste, or sex or race or tribe), on the basis of wealth one
possesses or the belief systems that one follows. All this is source of
injustice and leads to fragmented society while our natural acceptance is for
an undivided society and universal human order. Having explored the harmony in
the human beings, we are able to explore the harmony in the family. This
enables us to understand the harmony at the level of society and
nature/existence. And this is the way, the harmony in our living grows. We
slowly get the competence to live in harmony with all human beings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 27. What
do you mean by differentiation in relationship? What are the issues on which
differentiation in relationship in prevalent in the society?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">How
do we differentiate in relationships on the basis of body, physical facilities,
or beliefs? What problems do we face because of such differentiation?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What
is respect? When do we feel we have been disrespected?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">How
have we differentiated people on the basis of body and beliefs?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What is the meaning of respect? How do we disrespect others
due to lack of right understanding of this feeling?</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (UPTU 2010 – 11)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">How do we come to differentiate between human beings on the
basis of body? Explian. What are its consequences? (MTU 2011 – 12) [</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> to answer this ques you have to mention only the points of
body and there outcomes mentioned in next ques<b>]</b></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
Respect means <u>accepting individuality and doing right evaluation (to be
evaluated as I am)</u>. Our basis for respect today is largely quite contrary
to our discussion above. Instead of respect being a basis of similarity or one
of right evaluation, we have made it into something on the basis of which we
differentiate i.e. by respecting you mean you are doing something special,
because you are special or have something special or are in some special
position. Thus, all of us are running around seeking respect from one another
by trying to become something special.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Today,
we are differentiating in the name of respect. We either differentiate people
on the basis of their body, on the basis of their wealth and possessions or on
the basis of their beliefs. There is no notion of respect in terms of right
evaluation. Thus, there is no real feeling of relationship, only one of
differentiation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">On the basis of body<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sex/gender: </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">We ignore the fact that
being male or female is an attribute of the body, and not an attribute at the
level of ‘I’. And differentiate in giving respect on the basis of gender called
male and females. In many countries, people even prefer a male child to a
female child, and in some other societies, the other way round.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Race</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">: If the person is of the
same race as oneself, then we treat them differently. For example, we
differentiate on the basis of skin colour – white, brown, black etc. or on the
basis of whether the person is of Aryan race, Mongolian race etc. or on the
basis of caste. Again here, we don’t do the evaluation on the basis of ‘I’, but
on the basis of the body<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Age: </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">We have notions such as ‘one
must respect elders’. There is no such notion as respect youngsters. Here, we
see that we are again evaluating at the level of the body – age is related to
the body, and not to ‘I’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Physical strength: </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">If someone
is stronger, we again treat him/her differently. This is again at the level of
the body. In fact, we think that we are respecting the other while it is fear;
the fear that if we do not treat them like this, we will be harmed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">On the basis of physical facilities<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Wealth: </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">We differentiate people
because some have wealth than others. What we term as a “rich person” gets
idolized. We don’t even bother to find out whether such people are feeling
prosperous, or if they just have wealth. This way, we are over-evaluating
physical facilities first, which are just meant to fulfil the needs of the
body, and then on this basis, we are wrongly identifying our relationship.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Post: </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">We try to respect on the
basis of a person’s position. The post is wrongly evaluated as the mark of a
person’s excellence and differentiation sets in. The post is considered
important either on the basis that it gives more physical facilities or on the
basis that certain positions are assumed to be important. In our education, we
are trained directly or indirectly to earn posts for us to fetch respect.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">On the basis of beliefs<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">‘Isms’</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">: ‘Ism’ means any belief in
terms of a ‘thought-system’ that we have, or that we have adopted. There are
also many modern ‘isms’ such as capitalism, socialism, communism, etc. The
people following these sets of beliefs are called capitalists, socialists,
communists, and so on. The people that have adopted them or are following them
have been exposed to them since childhood. Believing theirs to be the right
belief. However, all beliefs, as we have seen are at the level of desires,
thoughts and expectations (selections) in ‘I’. There is no definiteness at this
level, and hence, this becomes a cause for differentiation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sects</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">: People of one sect only
consider those with a similar belief system to be their ‘own’ and worthy of
respect. Following a particular tradition, or what we call as religion, becomes
the basis of respect and disrespect in relationship.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="text-indent: -35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 28. ‘Discrimination leads to acrimony in relationships’. Explain. What problems are created when we discriminate? </span></b><b style="text-indent: -35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(UPTU 2010 – 11)</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Explain the problems faced due to differentiation in relationship.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. <b><i>Differentiation based on sex/gender: </i></b>Issue of women’s rights, and women protesting and demanding for equality in education, in jobs, and in peoples’ representation. People are insecure and afraid of one another based on their gender.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Differentiation based on race: </span></i></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">there are many movements and protect against racial discrimination and demands for equality, racial attacks, movements against cast discrimination has people living in fear of such racism, racist attacks, casticism and discrimination.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Differentiation based on age: </span></i></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Protests and movements demanding for equal rights for children on the one hand and for rights for elderly people on the other, generation gap<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Differentiation based on wealth: </span></i></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Class struggle and movements to do away with class-differentiation. Many people suffering from a lack of self-esteem and some even committing suicide,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Differentiation based on post: </span></i></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Protests against high handed government officials. At the level of the individual, leads to depression, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Differentiation based on ’isms: </span></i></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Fights, turmoil, terrorism and war, people converting from one Ism to another in order to be able to get more respect.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Differentiation based on sects: </span></i></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Countless religions and sects and each sect has its own movement to ensure that there is no discrimination against people of their belief. Demands for special provisions in jobs and in education.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 29. What do you understand by trust? Differentiate between intention and competence with examples.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">How do you differentiate between intention and competence, when you have to judge the other? Why is it important?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What is intension and competence? How do they affect human relationship?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">How do you differentiate between intention and competence when you have to judge the other? Why is it important? (MTU 2010 – 11)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. Trust or vishwas is <u>the foundational value</u> in relationship. “<u>To be assured that each human being inherently wants oneself and the other to be happy and prosperous</u>” is known as trust. Mutual trust is a shared belief that we can depend on each other to achieve a common purpose. Trust is the expectation of people that they can rely on our word. It is built through integrity and consistency in relationships. There are two aspects in trust:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1. Intention (wanting to – our natural acceptance)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2. Competence (being able to do)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Both intention and competence are the aspects of trust. Intention is <u>what one aspires for (our natural acceptance)</u> and competence is <u>the ability to fulfil the aspiration</u>. In intention every human being wants to do what is right, only the competence may be lacking which needs to be developed through proper understanding and practice. But what we are doing today is that when we are judging ourself we are judging on the basis of our intention, whereas, when we are judging the other we are judging him on the basis of his competence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">We trust our own intention while we are not ready to trust the others intention. It is the same for other as well. We find that while we look at our intention, we are sure of it, we are not sure of the other’s intention. We are actually seeing their competence, and making a conclusion on their intention. Hence, mistrust is born and we deny the relationship. We seldom look at our competence and other’s intention.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">It is very important to differentiate between intention and competence. If we have trust on intention, we have a feeling of being related to the other and we start helping the other to improve his competence, if he does not have enough.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 30. Enumerate some of the important values which lie at the base of good relationships. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(UPTU 2010 – 11)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">List down the values in human relationship.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What values are necessary in human relationship? Explain each briefly.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What are the different values necessary in human to human relationship? How do they lay the foundation for an undivided human race?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What are the foundational values of relationships? How can they be used to ensure strong and mutually relationships?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Name the values which are called as “foundation value” and “complete value”. Define both these values.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> (UPTU 2010 – 11)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">List down the foundation value and the complete value in human relationship. Explain each with one example. (MTU 2011 – 12)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. There are certain basic and important values in maintaining relationship. These values, we all know, are the backbone of health and happy family relations. The feelings, emotions, sentiments and respect all are of real importance. These values lead to elimination of friction and establishment of total harmony in relationship on long term basis. Values that are important in any relationship are<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Trust: Trust or vishwas is the foundational value in relationship. “<b>To be assured that each human being inherently wants oneself and the other to be happy and prosperous</b>.” If we have trust in the other, we are able to see the other as a relative and not as an adversary.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2. Respect: <b>Respect means individuality. </b>The sense of individuality is prime object. This is the first basic step towards respect (sammana). Once we realized that we are individual then only we can see ourself different from others. In other words, <b>respect means right evaluation, to be evaluated as I am.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3. Affection: <b>Affection is the feeling of being related to the other. </b>Affection comes when I recognize that we both want to make each other happy and both of us are similar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">4. Care: <b>The feeling of care is the feeling to nurture and protect the body of our relative. </b>Or in other words a state of mind in which one is troubled; worry, anxiety, or concern is called care.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">5. Guidance: <b>The feeling of ensuring right understanding and feelings in the other (my relative) is called guidance. </b>We understand the need of self (‘I’) for right understanding and feelings. We also understand that the other is similar to me in his/her faculty of natural acceptance, desire of wanting continuous happiness and the program of living in harmony at all the four levels.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">6. Reverence: <b>The feeling of acceptance of excellence in the other is called reverence. </b>When we see that the other has achieved this excellence- which means to understand and to live in harmony at all the levels of living ensuring continuity of happiness, we have a feeling of reverence for him/her.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">7. Glory: Each one of us wants to live with continuous happiness and prosperity. Each one of us has the similar faculty of natural acceptance, has the same goal and program and we have the same potential to realize this. <b>Glory is the feeling for someone who has made efforts for excellence.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">8. Gratitude: <b>Gratitude is the feeling of acceptance for those who have made efforts for my excellence. </b>Gratitude is an emotion that occurs after people receive help, depending on how they interpret the situation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">9. Love: <b>Love is the emotion of strong affection and personal attachment. In other words, love </b></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">is a feeling of warm personal attachment or deep affection, as for a parent, child, or friend. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">This feeling or value is also called the complete value since this is the feeling of relatedness to all human beings. It starts with identifying that one is related to the other human being (the feeling of affection) and it slowly expands to the feeling of being related to all human beings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The above mentioned values are the core of all relations. One has to follow all to gain on the day to day problems. These values are intrinsic and available in every person. We need to find out in ourselves and implement. Without implementation, one cannot think of a strong family relation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 31. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">“When we are assured of the intention of the other and find that the competence is lacking, we become a help to the other. When we doubt the intention of the other, we get into opposition.” Explain.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">In our behaviour, we generally observe our intention and others’ lack of competence. Does it lead to mutual happiness? What is the alternative? Explain with the help of an example.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> (UPTU 2010 – 11)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">We trust our own intention while we are not ready to trust the other’s intention. It is the same for the others as well. They would also have the same answers as we, to the table above. While the other trusts his/her own intentions, he/she does not trust mine. Hence, mistrust is born and we deny the relationship. When we are judging ourself we are judging on the basis of our intention, whereas, when we are judging the other we are judging him on the basis of his competence. We are sure in point 2 a) that we want to make the other happy, but in point 4 a) we are not sure that the other wants to make us happy. We find that while we look at our intention, we are sure of it, we are not sure of the other’s intention. We are actually seeing their competence, and making a conclusion on their intention, we say “I wanted to do well, but I could not”. But for the other, we say “He did not want to do well”. “Wanting to”, is the intention, “could not”, is the lack of competence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">We can see that as we are not able to fulfil our intentions in terms of our competence at all times. It is the same for the other as well. We want to be related to the other, and we want the other to be related to us, irrespective of who this other is. If we have trust in the other, we are able to see the other as a relative and not as an adversary. We then become ready to become a help to the other. Intentions are always correct; it is only the competence that is lacking, which can be improved by right understanding.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 32. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What is the basis of ‘respect’ for a human being? Do you see that the other human being is also similar to you? Explain.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Respect means <u>individuality</u>. The sense of individuality is prime object. This is the first basic step towards respect (sammana). Once we realized that we are individual then only we can see ourself different from others. In other words, respect means <u>right evaluation, to be evaluated as I am</u>.<b> </b>If we respect a human being on the basis of ‘I’, following things are true for every human being:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">I want happiness and prosperity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333px;">¬<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The other too wants to be continuously happy and prosperous!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">To be happy, I need to understand and live in harmony at all four levels of my living.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333px;">¬<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> The other also needs to understand and live in harmony at all four levels of his/ her living!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The activities in me (‘I’) are continuous, we can check this for our desires, thoughts and expectations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333px;">¬<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">It is the same for the other ‘I’ as well. The activities are continuous there as well, and the other too has continuous desires, thoughts and expectations!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">When we see the above, what can we conclude? The other person also feels quite like me! There are so many similarities! Let us put down these similarities, in order:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">We both want to have continuous happiness and prosperity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333px;">¬<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Our basic aspiration is the same.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">We both need to have the right understanding, which is to understand and live in harmony at all four levels of our living.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333px;">¬<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Our program of action is the same.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The activities and powers of the self are continuous and the same in both of us – at the level of ‘I’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333px;">¬<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Our potential is the same.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Based on these three evaluations we can conclude that<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Ø<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The other is similar to me<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">When we are able to see that the other is similar to me, we are able to recognize the feeling of respect in the relationship. If not, we either hold ourselves, more or less than the other and this only leads to differentiation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 33. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What is the role of value system in family harmony?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">How can you maintain harmony in relationship?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The family is the basic unit of human interaction… it is the anchor that roots us… it gives us both roots to hold and wings to fly. It is not surprising that children who grow up in happy families are more successful and well-adjusted in life.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">There is a set of proposals about the families for us to verify:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Relationship IS and it exists between the self (‘I’) and the other self (‘I’)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The self (‘I’) has FEELINGS in a relationship. These feelings are between ‘I’ and ‘I’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">These feelings in the self (‘I’) are DEFINITE. i.e. they can be identified with definiteness.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">RECOGNIZING and FULFILLING these feelings leads to MUTUAL HAPPINESS in relationship.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Now, we will explore into each of the above in details.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Relationship IS and it exists between the self (‘I’) and the other self (‘I’): </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Once we have recognized the existence of human relationships, we are subsequently able to identify the feelings (values). When we work and behave according to these feelings, it leads to fulfilment of both sides in the relationship, i.e. it leads to mutual fulfilment. Evaluation is a natural process when we live in relationships and we constantly evaluating ours’ and the other’s feelings in the relationship. For example, trust is wanted in a relationship and if there is a mutual feeling of trust, then it leads to mutual fulfilment and there are no complaints. But if there is doubt on the other, the happiness in relationship is missing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">It is not possible to create the relationships that are existent in a family. We are naturally born into this. In a similar way, the family has not invented the social dependencies in which it exists. The family exists naturally as a part of this social web of interdependency. So, we are embedded in relationships, they are there and all that we need to do is to recognize them and understand.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The self (‘I’) has feelings in a relationship. These feelings are between ‘I’ and ‘I’: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">There are feelings in relations naturally. They do not have to be created, nor can we remove them. We may try to suppress them, or argue against them, or undermine them, but they are very much there. These feelings are fundamental to the relationship and can be recognized. Let’s ask some questions:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Question : Who has these feelings? ‘I’ or body?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Answer : ‘I’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Question : With whom does ‘I’ have these feelings? With the order ‘I’ or the other body?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Answer : With the other ‘I’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Here’s another question:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Question : Who want trust in relationship? Our Self or body?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Answer : Self want trust.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Question : From whom we want this trust? The other ‘I’ or Body?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Answer : From the other ‘I’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">This is something we can easily verify ourself, that it is ‘I’ that wants trust. There is no part of the body that wants trust, no part of the body that wants respect. When we respect someone, we respect the person’s ‘I’, and not their body organs. When we ‘trust’ someone, it is the person, and not the body. Trust is something to do with the person, the self (‘I’). That is to say, the feelings in relationship are between ‘I’ and ‘I’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">These feelings in the self (‘I’) are definite. i.e. they can be identified with definiteness.: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">With little exploration, we can see that feelings in relationships are actually definite, and not vague. These are the values characterizing relationships – e.g. Trust, Respect, Affection, etc. Living with these values, we are able to participate in the right way with other human beings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Recognizing and fulfilling these feelings leads to mutual happiness in relationship: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Once we have recognized the existence of human relationships, we are subsequently able to identify the feelings (values). When we work and behave according to these feelings, it leads to fulfilment of both sides in the relationship, i.e. it leads to mutual fulfilment. Evaluation is a natural process when we live in relationships and we are constantly evaluating ours’ and the other’s feelings in the relationship. For example, trust is wanted in a relationship and if there is a mutual feeling of trust, them it leads to mutual fulfilment and there are no complaints. But if there is doubt on the other, the happiness in relationship is missing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">To summarize – relationships in a family or in a society are not created, they just are. We can understand these relationships and based upon this understanding, it will be natural to have right feelings (values) in these relationships. These feelings are definite and can be recognized with certainty. We have also seen that recognizing the relationship and having the feelings in relationship is an activity of the self (‘I’) and not the body. It becomes clear that relationship is between the self (‘I’) and other self (‘I’) and the feelings are also between ‘I’ and ‘I’. Mutual fulfilment is the natural outcome of a relation correctly recognized and lived.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 34. Write the program to attain comprehensive human goal. Give examples also.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What are the five dimensions of human endeavour in society conducive to ‘manaviya vyavastha’?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What are the five dimensions of Human Endeavour? How are they helpful in achieving the comprehensive human goal?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What are the programs needed to achieve the comprehensive human goal? List and define each briefly. (MTU 2011 – 12)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">How doeas the self assume the responsibility towards the body? How does it help to ensure prosperity? (UPTU 2012 -13)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. Comprehensive human goals are right understanding, prosperity, fearlessness and co-existence. Programs needed to achieve the comprehensive human goals are:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1. Education – Right Living (Siksha – Sanskar)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2. Health – Self Regulation (Svasthya – Sanyam)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3. Justice – Preservation (Nyaya – Suraksha)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">4. Production – Work (Utpadan – Kriya)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">5. Exchange – Storage (Vinimaya – Kosh)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Education – Right Living: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Education refers to understanding hormony at all four levels of living. While right living refers to commitment and preparedness to live in harmony at all four levels of living.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Health – Self Regulation: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Sanyama refers to a feeling of responsibility for nurturing, protecting and rightly utilizing the body. When the body is fit to act according to the needs of the self (‘I’), and, there is harmony among the parts of the body, it is referred to as health or svasthya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Justice – Preservation: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Justice (nyaya) refers to harmony in the relationship between human beings, while preservation (suraksha) refers to harmony in the relationship between human being and the rest of nature.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Exchange – Storage: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Exchange (vinimaya) refers to the exchange of physical facilities between the members of the society, while storage (kosa) refers to the storage of physical facilities that is left after fulfilling the needs of the family.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">We can now see how these five dimensions of humanistic society are able to ensure the human goal:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Education – Right living leads to Right understanding<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">*<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Having the process of education and right living leads to right understanding in the individual.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Health – Self-regulation leads to Prosperity<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">*<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Having the program for health and sanyam leads to well being of the body, nad identification of need for physical facilities which along with production ensures feeling of prosperity in the family.</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Justice – Preservation leads to Fearlessness and Co-existence <i>(respectively)<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">*<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Ensuring justice in relationship, or mutual fulfilment in relationship on the basis of values like Trust, Respect, etc leads to fearlessness in society, while Suraksha of nature – via enrichment, protection and right utilization leads to co-existence in nature.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Production – Work leads to Prosperity and Co-existence<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">*<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Production and work are for physical facilities, and this leads to a feeling of prosperity in the family. Production is done in harmony with nature, and hence, this also leads to co-existence with nature.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Exchange – Storage leads to Prosperity and Fearlessness<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">When we store and exchange for mutual fulfilment and not for exploitation, then it leads to fearlessness (trust) in society.</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 35.
Explain the comprehensive human goal. How does fearlessness follow from right understanding
and prosperity? (UPTU 2009 - 10)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What do you mean by comprehensive human goal? Explain. How is
it related to your goal in life? (MTU 2011 – 12)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. In order to facilitate the
fulfilment of the basic aspirations of all human beings in the society, the following
human goal needs to be understood in a comprehensive manner:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0rvd0_zQd26UHOdz-jR67Ll3G2206V6bG0uuWEF5RLs7hImhtqZx6Htibi5DHtnzVUvKZ68Xj_8GGm5TyUWJ7QEfZLDaseaT1e2_Qr3rvbJrvVghk6BO8xtpk3gz5Hetm3rBKWK97GiM/s1600/IMG_20171107_125310404.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="305" data-original-width="1600" height="61" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0rvd0_zQd26UHOdz-jR67Ll3G2206V6bG0uuWEF5RLs7hImhtqZx6Htibi5DHtnzVUvKZ68Xj_8GGm5TyUWJ7QEfZLDaseaT1e2_Qr3rvbJrvVghk6BO8xtpk3gz5Hetm3rBKWK97GiM/s320/IMG_20171107_125310404.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">When one does not have the right understanding, one remains
disturbed and also acts in a manner so as to create disharmony with other human
being as well as with rest of nature.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Prosperity in the family means that the family is able to identify
its needs and is able to produce/ achieve more than its requirements.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Trust in society means every member of society feels related to
everyone else and therefore there is trust and fearlessness.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Co-existence in nature means there is a relationship and
complementarity among all the entities in nature including human beings. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Abhaya means fearlessness; it is a permanent state where there is
no question of ever experiencing any fear. A person with abhaya is continuously
aware if his own reality; for him to become subject to fear would be
impossible. We should not consider this quality of abhaya as just the absence
of fear. The fearlessness in the society begins from the individual. We need to
ensure right understanding in the individual as the foundation of harmony in
the society. With right understanding, the need for physical facilities in the
family can be ascertained. By assessing our needs correctly and by producing
more than required the family can be prosperous. Assurance of right
understanding in the individuals and prosperity in the families, understanding
of human relationships leads to harmony and trust (fearlessness) in the society.
When every individual is able to live harmoniously in relationship, and the
needs of all the families are ensured, fearlessness (mutual trust) in society
will naturally follow. Thus the state of absence of fear at society level will
only be achieved when we have right understanding at individual level and prosperity
at the level of family.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 36.
Critically examine the state of society today in terms of fulfilment of
comprehensive human goal.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. In order to facilitate the
fulfilment of the basic aspirations of all human beings in the society, the following
comprehensive human goal needs to be understood.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD9piT1HloxqhuTwoDEL3XHvQ23mX7Lf0yBmDxohOiuzBS6RoDQiOWlf9cYZDPxxrBw8j4X79L-K2DZookOUhGHhRd8qrGudI3GO39OKTJqT-yNE7BLF0jYBV__bTSMEtK9gk14J0vsnc/s1600/IMG_20171107_125310404.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="305" data-original-width="1600" height="61" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD9piT1HloxqhuTwoDEL3XHvQ23mX7Lf0yBmDxohOiuzBS6RoDQiOWlf9cYZDPxxrBw8j4X79L-K2DZookOUhGHhRd8qrGudI3GO39OKTJqT-yNE7BLF0jYBV__bTSMEtK9gk14J0vsnc/s320/IMG_20171107_125310404.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Today
the state of society in terms of this comprehensive human goal is:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Right understanding in individual</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">: We are talking about information and skills, but we are ignoring
the need of right understanding, we are ignoring the need to understand
happiness correctly. We are ignoring the need to understand and be in
relationship.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Prosperity in families</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">: We are
not able to see that the needs of physical facilities is limited and that, we can
have more than what we need. We are only talking about how to generate wealth.
We seem to have forgotten that the need to have wealth is connected with the
need to keep the body healthy and use it for the right purpose and not for
maximizing accumulation for the purpose of sensory enjoyment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Fearlessness (trust) in society</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">: In
place of working for fearlessness, we are working for strategic power. In the
name of defence, we are misusing the valuable resources of nature to make
weapons and ammunitions. We are becoming increasingly more fearful of each
other, so most of the countries in the world are busy preparing for war, in the
hope that more and more competence for war will lead to peace.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Co-existence with nature</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">: Instead
of co-existing we are busy figuring out better ways to exploit nature. We have
tended to assume that the goal of our technological development is to get
victory over nature, to subjugate the entities in nature and to disrupt
nature’s cycle, in pursuance of our whims and fancies. We even have disregarded
the truth that nature is our basic support systems and disturbing its balance
will result in our own destruction.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="text-indent: -1cm;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 37. </span></b><b style="text-indent: -1cm;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Describe the concept of an undivided society and the universal order and explain how both these can help to create a world family.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">How can we move towards the universal human order?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The sarvabhaum vyawastha (Universal Human Order) is the state of realizing the freedom of individual in context of this universe. The respect towards mankind and nature is must to establish the universal order. Having understood the comprehensive human goal, we are able to be in harmony not only with human beings, but also with the rest of nature. We are able to see that we are related to every unit in the nature and ensure mutual fulfilment in that relationship. Working on the five dimensions of human endeavour in the light of right understanding, we are able to work for an orderly living of the human society, whose foundational unit is the family and the final destination is the world family.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Universal Human Order (Sarvabhauma Vyavastha)</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> – feeling of being related to every unit including human beings and other entities of nature.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Undivided society (Akhanda samaja)</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> – feeling of being related to every human being.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">An undivided human centric society is one of the higher human goals. Akhand samaj is the state of the society where all people of different religion and thought process live together and work towards betterment of the society.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Three activities can be performed to send the message of a holistic society:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Educating society through workshops, seminars and street plays: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">this is about organizing workshops, seminars and street plays at various levels in society. The activity may be carried out by N.G.O.’s but must receive the support of government organizations. These activities can be categorized into three types which include<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333px;">§<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Knowing the self,<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333px;">§<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Knowing the existence on basis of self,<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333px;">§<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Knowing the definite human conduct which is contribution of self in existence.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Value education in educational institutions:</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> value education should be introduced in current education system at all levels – primary school, secondary school, senior secondary school as well as college level.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Helping to apply values to the real world: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">organizations – both government and non-government should open up counselling centres which can help their employees or general public to apply values to real life situations. It is about realizing the alternatives in life. Various individuals are on the way of self-exploration, finding their natural acceptance towards holistic approach of life and realizing it at all levels starting from self (with knowledge) to family (with meaningful relationships), then to society (education – health – production – business – services). The idea is not to live in isolation or individualism but with expansion of SELF to higher levels in the social system.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="text-indent: -35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 38. </span></b><b style="text-indent: -35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Right
understanding in the individuals is the basis for harmony in the family, which
is the building block for harmony in the society. Give your comments.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Right
understanding in the individuals is the basis for harmony in the family, which
is the building block for harmony in the society.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The harmony in the society begins from
the individual. We need to ensure right understanding in the individual as the
foundation of harmony in the society.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">With right understanding, the need for
physical facilities in the family can be ascertained. By assessing our needs
correctly and by producing more than required the family can be prosperous.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Assurance of right understanding in the
individuals and prosperity in the families, understanding of human
relationships leads to harmony and trust (fearlessness) in the society. When
every individual is able to live harmoniously in relationship, and the needs of
all the families are ensured, fearlessness (mutual trust) in society will
naturally follow.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">When human beings with right
understanding interact with nature, it will be in consonance with the
co-existence and will be mutually enriching. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We
may also understand it in the following sequence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:group
id="_x0000_s1026" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;
margin-left:156.4pt;margin-top:6.65pt;width:251.6pt;height:1.5pt;z-index:251660288'
coordorigin="3848,9036" coordsize="5032,30">
<v:shapetype id="_x0000_t32" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="32" o:oned="t"
path="m,l21600,21600e" filled="f">
<v:path arrowok="t" fillok="f" o:connecttype="none"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" shapetype="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_s1027" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:3848;top:9036;width:432;height:0' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1028" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:5735;top:9051;width:432;height:0' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1029" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
left:8448;top:9066;width:432;height:0' o:connectortype="straight">
<v:stroke endarrow="block"/>
</v:shape></v:group><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 14px; left: 0px; margin-left: 208px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 338px; z-index: 251660288;"><img height="14" src="file:///C:\Users\DELL\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1026 _x0000_s1027 _x0000_s1028 _x0000_s1029" width="338" /></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Right
understanding 2. Prosperity 3. Fearlessness
(trust) 4. Co-existence<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 39. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Explain how production activities can be enriching to all the
orders of nature. Give any two examples.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
(UPTU 2009 - 10)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In nature, there are four
different kinds of entities. One of entity includes materials, the other kind
is plants, herbs, etc., the third kind has animals and birds and the fourth
kind includes human beings. When we look at their interrelationship, we find
that the materials, plants and animals are enriching for the others including
human beings. There is cyclic and enriching process in nature, and based on
this process production is naturally tak ing place in the nature. Humans only
have to understand this feature of nature. The purpose of science and
technology is to facilitate the cyclic processes in nature and make human bings
more and more fulfilling to the other entities. But we will find that human
beings are neither enriching (fulfilling) for humans nor for the other three kinds
of entities. If only we understand the processes in nature, we can design our
production systems through application of science and technology in such a way
that this fulfilment is better ensured, rather than disturbing it. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 40. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">How
can the comprehensive human goals of Right understanding, prosperity,
fearlessness and existence create harmony in society? <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What
is the comprehensive human goal? Explain how this is conductive to sustainable
happiness and prosperity for all.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In
order to facilitate the fulfilment of the basic aspirations of all human beings
in the society, the following comprehensive human goal needs to be understood.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD9piT1HloxqhuTwoDEL3XHvQ23mX7Lf0yBmDxohOiuzBS6RoDQiOWlf9cYZDPxxrBw8j4X79L-K2DZookOUhGHhRd8qrGudI3GO39OKTJqT-yNE7BLF0jYBV__bTSMEtK9gk14J0vsnc/s1600/IMG_20171107_125310404.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="305" data-original-width="1600" height="61" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD9piT1HloxqhuTwoDEL3XHvQ23mX7Lf0yBmDxohOiuzBS6RoDQiOWlf9cYZDPxxrBw8j4X79L-K2DZookOUhGHhRd8qrGudI3GO39OKTJqT-yNE7BLF0jYBV__bTSMEtK9gk14J0vsnc/s320/IMG_20171107_125310404.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Right understanding is necessary for the
human beings, for all human beings. When one does not have the right
understanding, one remains disturbed and also acts in a manner so as to create
disharmony with other human being as well as with rest of nature.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Prosperity is needed in every family.
Prosperity in the family means that the family is able to identify its needs
and is able to produce/ achieve more than its requirements.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Trust in society means every member of
society feels related to everyone else and therefore there is trust and
fearlessness.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Co-existence in nature means there is a
relationship and complementarity among all the entities in nature including
human beings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This
is the <b>comprehensive human goal</b>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">With little
exploration, we find that all four are required for human society. We are not
satisfied with anything less than this. This is the basic minimum requirement
to ensure sustainable happiness and prosperity. We can’t cut down any of them.
This is the <i>minimum</i> level that each
one of us wants, and also the <i>maximum</i>
we can think of. We can’t think of anything more than this. This is the target
for each one of us, the whole human race and the human tradition. The moment we
leave anyone of them out, there will be loss of continuity, and the goal cannot
be achieved.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 41. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">How
can I trust a stranger? Clarify.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">If
we are able to see the relationship with the person at the level of ‘I’, we
will see that the other person also is like us. The other person has natural
acceptance for the same things as we have. He/she too wants to make himself /
herself happy and wants to make us happy at the level of his intention, just as
we. But he/she is unaware of this fact, just as we has been. Hence, he/she may
be interacting with us based on our competence. The way out is to relate to the
other person, to be able to see that at the level of natural acceptance, we are
the same. We can then interact with the person based on their competence, and
also help them improve their competence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 42. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Feeling
of love lay down the basis of undivided society. Explain.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Love</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> is the emotion of strong affection
and personal attachment. In other words, love is a feeling of warm personal
attachment or deep affection, as for a parent, child, or friend. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This feeling or value is also called the
complete value since this is the feeling of relatedness to all human beings. It
starts with identifying that one is related to the other human being (the
feeling of affection) and it slowly expands to the feeling of being related to
all human beings. The feeling of love leads to an undivided society, it starts
from a family and slowly expands to the world family in the form of love.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
feeling of being related to every human being leads to our participation in an
undivided society (Akhanda Samaja). With the understanding of values in human
relationships, we are able to recognize the connectedness with every individual
correctly, and fulfil it. When we understand the value in relationship with
other units in nature too, we are able to recognize our connectedness with them
to, and fulfil it. This enables us to participate in the universal human order
(sarvabhaum vyavastha).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 43. There is a common saying; if you trust everybody,
people will take undue advantage of you. What is the basic error in this
statement? Explain. (MTU 2011 – 12)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The basic error is that if
we trust everybody people will not take undue advantage of me. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">On
the contrary, it gives us inner strength and we become far more effective in interacting
with and “dealing with different people”. This is simply because, we already
are sitting with the knowledge of what the person truly wants, truly intends,
even though the person may not know this himself/herself! Hence, our ability to
interact with people becomes far more effective and in the process, we don’t
get hurt, we don’t get disturbed, we end up becoming an aid to the other. In
other words, becoming aware, having the right understanding, living with the
assurance in relationship does not mean becoming “stupid”! It only makes us,
more competent. Further, what is being said here is that we have trust on the
intention of <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="check">everyone, but, when it comes to making a program
with someone, I evaluate my competence, I </a>evaluate his competence and make
the program accordingly. This makes me more effective.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 44. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">‘The family is the basic unit of
human interaction. Do you agree with the statement?’ Explain your answer using
examples. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“Family is a natural laboratory to
understand human relationships” – elaborate.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
family is the basic unit of human interaction… it is the anchor that roots us…
it gives us both roots to hold and wings to fly. It is not surprising that
children who grow up in happy families are more successful and well-adjusted in
life.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Family relations can give us strength to
face the world. How wonderful it feels to return to a happy home after a hard
day at work? Our family can be our sounding board to bounce off creative ideas,
our greatest supporter during adversity and the source of unconditional love.
Now imagine a situation where there are very unpleasant relations at home…
bitter fights, jealousies and the blame game being played out! A person would
actually hate going home of such an oppressive atmosphere.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Family feuds can cause depression,
anxiety, sleeplessness, loss of appetite, sadness, confusion and rage. No one
wants to live like that! Here are some simple rules for turning family feuds
into family fun.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 45. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“Relationship
IS, and it exists between one ‘Jeevan’ and the other ‘Jeevan’.” Examine this
statement.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Once we have recognized the existence of
human relationships, we are subsequently able to identify the feelings
(values). When we work and behave according to these feelings, it leads to
fulfilment of both sides in the relationship, i.e. it leads to mutual
fulfilment. Evaluation is a natural process when we live in relationships and
we constantly evaluating ours’ and the other’s feelings in the relationship.
For example, trust is wanted in a relationship and if there is a mutual feeling
of trust, then it leads to mutual fulfilment and there are no complaints. But
if there is doubt on the other, the happiness in relationship is missing. It is
not possible to create the relationships that are existent in a family. We are
naturally born into this. In a similar way, the family has not invented the
social dependencies in which it exists. The family exists naturally as a part
of this social web of interdependency. So, we are embedded in relationships,
they are there and all that we need to do is to recognize them and understand.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">UNIT 4<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Short answer questions<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Define the following terms<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></b></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Sanskaar: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">We are according to our desires, thoughts and selections. Together, we call these ‘<i>sanskara</i>’.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Conformance: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Each unit conforms through the principle of conformance or anusangita. It means how the continuity of the fundamental nature of the unit is preserved.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Nature: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">All the physical objects that are in solid, liquide or gas state eighter living or non living, collectively termed as nature. In other words, the aggregate of all the mutually interacting units – big or small, sentient or insentient together can be called nature. These units are infinte in number and we could easily observe that there exists a dynamic balance, self regulation among all these units. There are four orders of nature:</span></li>
</ol>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 126pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Material order </span><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; text-indent: -18pt;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; text-indent: -18pt;">Pranic order</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 126pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animal order </span><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; text-indent: -18pt;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; text-indent: -18pt;">Human order</span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page;" /></span></b></div>
<ol start="4" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><b>Gathansheel:</b> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The material units are transformable, and their composition keeps on changing, hence these are gathansheel.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> The </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">material units are transformable, and their composition keeps on changing</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">, hence these are </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">gathansheel</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">.</span></li>
</ol>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Gathanpurna: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The other category of units the sentient ‘I’, do not transform and are complete in composition, hence gathanpurna.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> The <b>sentient ‘I’ or consciousness, do not transform and are complete in composition</b>, hence are <b>gathanpurna</b>.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="6" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Kriyapurnata: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Completion of right understanding in human being is called kriyapurnata. When we have right understanding (understanding of existence, understanding of self and understanding of human conduct), the activities of realization and understanding which are currently dormant in I get exposed, we call this activity completeness (kriyapurnata).</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="7" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Acharanpurnata: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Ability to live with complete understanding is called acharanpurnata. When there is completeness in the ability of I to live with right understanding at all the four levels leading to mutual fulfilment, it is called conduct completeness (acharanpurnata).</span></li>
</ol>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Innateness: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Innateness means qualities which are innate to the unit. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Each unit in existence exhibits an innateness, <u>an intrinsic quality that cannot be seperated from it. </u>We refer this priciple as innateness also called dharna of that unit. This is inrinsic to the unit.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="9" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Svabhava (Natural Characteristic): </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">When we look at the different orders in nature, we find that each order has a certain value. In a fundamental way, this is the ‘usefulness’ or ‘participation’ of the order in existence. This ‘value’ or ‘participation’ is also referred to as “natural characteristic”. The ‘characteristic’ the order displays in ‘natural to itself’. This is the same as the value of the entity, or its participation also called ‘svabhava’.</span></li>
</ol>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Existence:</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> Existence means whatever exist it is in harmony with every other thing. There are two kind of realities in existence – units (nature) and space. The units are in coexistence being in space. It means nature submerged in space is existence.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="11" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Manviyata prun aacharan gyan:</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> having understood I (Jeevan) and the entire existence, we understood our relationship with every unit in existence and fulfil it, leading to mutual happiness and prosperity is called knowledge of human conduct (Manviyata prun aacharan gyan).</span></li>
</ol>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 12. What does ‘Knowledge of self (I)’ means?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Understanding the self (I), the activities in ‘I’ and their interrelation, understanding the reality of ‘I’ as being distinct from the body is called ‘knowledge of self (I)’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 13. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What is sanskaar? Explain its effects or the conformance of the human order.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Sanskaar means the values that a person gets at the time of his upbringing. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">We can see that we humans are not according to our lineage or race, as in animals. We may pick up something from our parents as we grow up, but we are usually very different in many ways from them. We humans are according to our <i>imagination</i>; according to our desires, thoughts and selection in ‘I’. the desires, thoughts and selections we have in ‘I’ can come from anywhere. It can come from past memories, it can come from our parents, the environment, the media, anywhere. In the case of humans, we can say ‘as the education, so the human’. We are according to our desires, thoughts and selections. Together, we call these ‘<i>sanskara</i>’. <i>Hence, we say that a <b>human being comforms to his or her</b></i><b> <i>sanskar or has ‘sanskaar conformance</i>’.</b></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Order<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Things<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Conformance<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human beings<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Right values / sanskara conformance<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 14. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">"As the seed, thus the plant". Explain.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">As the seed, thus the plant, it means in plant order there is a seed conformance. The plant grown from a seed will have the same qualities that were present in the seed. A neem seed will always sprout a neem plant. All of us know this. Its fruits, its leaves, the taste of the leaves, the colour of the leaves, all this information, this basic information of every neem plant is stored in the seed. Thus, we say the plant is always as the seed, or we can say, ‘as the seed, thus the plant’. <i>Hence, we say that</i> <b><i>a plant conforms to the seed, or has ‘seed comformance’. </i>This ‘seed comformance’ method is the mechanism by means of which the continuity of a plant species is mentained in nature/existence.</b><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 15. Define ‘units’ and ‘space’.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. There are two kinds of realities in existence: units and space. Unit is something that is limited in size. Like a small blade of human hair to the biggest planets we know of, they are all limited in size i.e. bounded on six sides. So all the things we have been studying so far: the human beings, animals, lumps of matter as well as various atoms and molecules, are all units. We can recognize them as such, they are countable. Whereas, space is not a unit but it exists, as a reality. We can’t touch it, smell it. We normally just see through it. It exists everywhere. In other words the empty area all around the nature is space.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Long answer questions<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 16. Define harmony in nature. OR </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Explain the harmony in nature.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. The aggregate of all the mutually interacting units – big or small, sentient or insentient together can be called nature. These units are infinite in number and we could easily observe that there exists a dynamic balance, self regulation among all these units. This self regulation is harmony or balance in nature.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> The law of nature has a unique cause and effect system which must be understood in order to be in harmony with the natural law of things.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Natural harmony is necessary for the following reasons:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Natural harmony is necessary to solve the problem of global warming and depletion of non-renewable natural resource can be aboided.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Natural harmony with trees cure all problems like – reduction of wind velocity, energy savings, doing companion planting, development of an eco-subsystem in terms of establishing a forest garden, reduction of building heat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">It is possible to achieve natural harmony in the establishment, maintenance and management of educational institution like schools, colleges and universities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">One can understand the depths of harmony and alignment in natural by contemplating and reflecting upon the natural order. It is possible to unravel the mystery of the natural systhesis in the midst of ongoing chaos at the material plane.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 17. What do you mean by co-existence?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Co-existence in nature means there is a relationship and complementarity among all the entities in nature including human beings. Co-existence is a state in which two or more groups are living together while respecting their differences and resolving their conflicts non-violently. Co-existence has been defined in numerous ways:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">To exist together (in time or space) and to exist in mutual tolerance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">To learn to recognize and live with difference.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">To have a relationship between persons or groups in which none of the parties is trying to destroy the other.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">To exist together (in time or place) and to exist in mutual tolerance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The world is full of Diversity – there are different nations, cultures, religions, communities, languages, and beliefs. The beauty of existence can only be maximized if everything in this world is in harmony. Peaceful, symbiotic co-existence is the key to harmony in the world.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 18. Define the terms Gathansheel, Gathanpurna, Kriyapurnata and Acharanpurnata.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Explain ‘Existence
is Gathansheel and Gathanpurna and also there is Kriyapurnata and
Acharanpurnata in existence’.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Gathansheel: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The material units are
transformable, and their composition keeps on changing, hence these are
gathansheel.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Gathanpurna: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The other category of
units the sentient ‘I’, do not transform and are complete in composition, hence
gathanpurna.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Kriyapurnata: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Completion of right
understanding in human being is called <b>kriyapurnata<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Acharanpurnata: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ability to
live with complete understanding is called <b>acharanpurnata</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The <b>material units are transformable, and their
composition keeps on changing</b>, hence these are <b>gathansheel</b>. The other category of units, <b>the sentient ‘I’, do not transform and are complete in composition</b>,
hence <b>gathanpurna</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The material units are
changeful (with activities of recognizing and fulfillment only) while the other
kind of units are continuous (with activities of knowing, assuming, recognizing
and fulfillment). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The material units are
available in two orders – material order and pranic order. In the material
order, an atom combines with another atom to form a molecule, a molecule
similarly forms a molecular structure. Molecular structures are found in two
forms: lumps and fluids.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Fluids give nutrition
to pranic order. In pranic order, the smallest units are plant cells which
combine with other cells to form plants, animal bodies and human bodies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The co-existence of ‘I’
with the animal body becomes the animal order, and the co-existence of ‘I’ with
the human body becomes the human order.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Completion of right
understanding in human being is called <b>kriyapurnata</b>
and ability to live with complete understanding is called <b>acharanpurnata</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 19. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What do you mean by ‘innateness’? What is the innateness in the four orders? (MTU 2011 – 12)</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What do you understand by the term ‘innateness’ (dhaarna) in nature? Explain the innatenss of material and animal order in nature. (MTU 2011 – 12 even)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. </span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Innateness (dharana) : </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Innateness means qualities which are innate to the unit. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Each unit in existence exhibits an innateness, <u>an intrinsic quality that cannot be seperated from it. </u>We refer this priciple as innateness also called dharna of that unit. This is inrinsic to the unit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 107px; margin-top: 4px; position: absolute; width: 32px; z-index: 251649536;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/DELL/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1026" width="32" /></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><b>Material order</b> When we burn coal and it has finished burning and only some ash is left and smokes have gone out, it is not that the basic material, the fundamental particles in coal, have ‘cease to exist’ or ‘disappeared’ from existence. They may not be visible to the eye at that moment, but they continue to exist, they still are in the form of other matter or in the form of gases, etc. This is there with all material units. We cannot destroy matter, we can only convert it from one form to the other. Thus, <u>“to exist”, or ‘existence’ is intrinsic to all material, it is innate to it</u>. We cannot separate the ‘existence’ of a thing from the thing itself.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 107px; margin-top: 4px; position: absolute; width: 32px; z-index: 251650560;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/DELL/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1027" width="32" /></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><b>Plant/bio order </b>Because the pranic order is a development of the material order, <u>it also has the innateness of ‘existence’</u>.<b> </b>In addition, <u>it also exhibits the ‘growth’</u>. This priciple of ‘growth’ cannot be separated from any units of this order. If it is of pranic order, it will grow. For example, if you have a plant, you cannot stop it from growing. It will continue to respire and keep changing in this way. The only way you can stop it from growing is by cutting it, but when you do that, it ceases to belong to the pranic order, instead decays and then belongs to the material order. So, as long as you have a plant, it will grow.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 99px; margin-top: 4px; position: absolute; width: 31px; z-index: 251651584;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/DELL/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1028" width="31" /></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><b>Animal order </b>The animal body is a development of the pranic order and therfore this order inherits the innateness of the previous order namely <u>‘existence’ and ‘growth’</u>. This is at the level of the body, which is physico-chemical in nature. In addition, <u>all units in this order have the ‘will to live’ in ‘I’</u>. Indeed no unit in this order can be seperated from this ‘will to live’. It is intrinsic to every unit in this order.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 184px; margin-top: 4px; position: absolute; width: 32px; z-index: 251652608;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/DELL/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1029" width="32" /></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><b>Human (knowledge) order </b>When we look at the human being, we find that<u> ‘existence’ and ‘growth’ are fundamentally present in the body</u>, just as in the animal body. At the level of ‘I’ however, in addition to the ‘will to live’, a human being’s innateness is the <u>‘will to live with happiness’</u>.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Order<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Things<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Innate-ness<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Material order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Soil, water, metals, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Exisetence<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Pranic order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Plants and trees<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Exisetence + growth<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animal order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animals and birds<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(Exisetence + growth) in body + will to live in ‘I’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human beings<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(Exisetence + growth) in body + will to live with happiness in ‘I’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 20. What is the svabhava (natural characteristic) of a unit? </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Elaborate on the svabhava of a human order.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">How does the natural characteristics (svabhava) of material order helped man to lead a better life?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Explain the svabhav of human order and how it helps in living with harmony.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Explain the natural characteristics of the material and pranic orders. Give examples. (UPTU 2011–12)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What is the natural characteristics (swabhava) of human order? Explain. (MTU 2011 – 12)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. When we look at the different orders in nature, we find that each order has a certain value. In a fundamental way, this is the ‘usefulness’ or ‘participation’ of the order in existence. This ‘value’ or ‘participation’ is also referred to as “natural characteristic”. The ‘characteristic’ the order displays in ‘natural to itself’. This is the same as the value of the entity, or its participation also called ‘svabhava’. The svabhava of material order is ‘composition/decomposition’, of Plant/bio order is ‘composition/decomposition’ and to nurture or worsen other pranic units. The svabhav of animal order and human order can be understood in two aspects: body and self. The svabhav of animal order is Composition / decomposition, nurture / worsen in body and non cruelty, cruelty in ‘I’. The svabhav of human order is Composition / decomposition, nurture / worsen in body and perseverance, bravery, generosity in ‘I’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Similar as to the case in animals, the human body also belongs to the plant/ bio order and hence has the same svabhava or value/natural characteristic as the pranic order. <b>It either nurtures or worsens other pranic units. </b>As in the example above, when I digest the vegetable, I absorb the plant and it worsens, while my body is nurtured. <b>The svabhava/ value of the self (‘I’) in human beings is perseverance (dhirata), bravery (virata) and generosity (udarata).<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Perseverance (dhirata):</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> Being assured that the all encompassing solution is to understand and live in harmony at all levels of existence, living with this commitment without any perturbation.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Bravery (virata): </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Being assured that the all encompassing solution is to understand and live in harmony at all levels and <i>I am ready to help the other to have the right understanding</i>. This is the commitment to help the other have the right understanding of the harmony and living at all levels of existence.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Generosity (udarata):</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> Being assured that the all encompassing solution is to understand and live in harmony at all the four levels and <i>I am ready to invest myself, my body and wealth to help the other have the right understanding</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human beings are not living as per this natural characteristic</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">; even though we have a svabhava, we are not living according to this. This is basic reason for the contradiction and conflict that we see in human being. This is what leads to a state of unhappiness. Only when we live according to our basic human characteristics as mentioned above, we have definite character, otherwise, it is not definite, it is uncertain, unlike other three orders as discussed above.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Order<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Things<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Natural Characteristic<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Material order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Soil, water, metals, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Composition / decomposition<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Pranic order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Plants and trees<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Composition / decomposition + nurture / worsen<sub><o:p></o:p></sub></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animal order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animals and birds<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(Composition / decomposition, nurture / worsen) in body + (non cruelty, cruelty) in ‘I’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human beings<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(Composition / decomposition, nurture / worsen) in body + (perceverance, bravery, generosity) in ‘I’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 21. Define harmony in nature and why is it important. Explain with examples.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">If one is to enjoy the benefit of life to the fullest, it is necessary to develop and maintain harmony. The law of nature has a unique cause and effect system which must be understood in order to be in harmony with the natural law of things. Natural harmony is necessary for the following reasons:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">To solve the problem of global warming and depletion of non-renewable natural resource can be avoided.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">With trees cure all problems like – reduction of wind velocity, energy savings, doing companion planting, development of an eco-subsystem in terms of establishing a forest garden, reduction of building heat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">One can understand the depths of harmony and alignment in natural by contemplating and reflecting upon the natural order. It is possible to unravel the mystery of the natural synthesis in the midst of ongoing chaos at the material plane.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">First of all we have to understand the importance of nature for our existence then we have to understand our responsibility towards nature. When we take from nature, we should also plan to give back to it. This is possible. Renewable energy sources, such as solar power and wind, are perhaps the best methods to begin moving in this direction. There can be harmony only if each subsystem of the entire creation can strike a mutually satisfying relationship with every subsystem without disturbing the other’s peaceful existence and without hindering its own growth.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 22. Define harmony in nature and how will you create it. Explain with examples.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Combination of all that is in solid, liquid or gas state is called as nature. In other words, the aggregate of all the mutually interacting units – big or small, sentient or insentient together can be called nature. These units are infinite in number and we could easily observe that there exists a dynamic balance, self regulation among all these units.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The law of nature has a unique cause and effect system which must be understood in order to be in harmony with the natural law of things. Natural harmony is necessary for the following reasons: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Natural harmony is necessary to solve the problem of global warming and depletion of non-renewable natural resource can be avoided.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Natural harmony with trees cure all problems like – reduction of wind velocity, energy savings, doing companion planting, development of an eco-subsystem in terms of establishing a forest garden, reduction of building heat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">It is possible to achieve natural harmony in the establishment, maintenance and management of educational institution like schools, colleges and universities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">One can understand the depths of harmony and alignment in natural by contemplating and reflecting upon the natural order. It is possible to unravel the mystery of the natural synthesis in the midst of ongoing chaos at the material plane.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">5.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">To create harmony in nature, first of all we have to work in the direction of development of mankind from animal consciousness to human consciousness. And this entails working for the right understanding.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 23. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What are the four orders of nature?</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> Briefly explain them.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">All the physical objects that are in solid, liquide or gas state eighter living or non living, collectively termed as nature. In other words, the aggregate of all the mutually interacting units – big or small, sentient or insentient together can be called nature. These units are infinte in number and we could easily observe that there exists a dynamic balance, self regulation among all these units. There are four orders of nature:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 103px; margin-top: 4px; position: absolute; width: 34px; z-index: 251653632;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/DELL/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1030" width="34" /></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Material order </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The big land mass of the continents, gigantic water bodies like ocean and seas, mountains and rivers, the atmosphere above, the heaps of metals and mineral below, the dense gases and fossil fuels deep below the surface of the earth – all fall into the material order or padartha avastha. In fact, if we look around beyond the earth, the material order is visible even in the form of stars, planets, moons and several astronomical bodies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 89px; margin-top: 4px; position: absolute; width: 34px; z-index: 251654656;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/DELL/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1031" width="34" /></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Pranic order</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> Our land mass is covered with grass and small shrubs and they form the lining on the entire soil. Shrubs, plants and trees form huge forest along with the flora in the ocean. All of this is the plant/bio order or prana avastha and it is the next big order on our planet. (The material order is far greater in quantity compared to the plant/bio order)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 95px; margin-top: 5px; position: absolute; width: 34px; z-index: 251655680;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/DELL/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1032" width="34" /></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animal order </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animals and birds form the third largest order and we call them the animal order or jiva avastha. Here again, we see that the plant/bio order is far greater in quantity than the animal order.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 93px; margin-top: 4px; position: absolute; width: 32px; z-index: 251656704;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/DELL/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1033" width="32" /></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human order </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human are the smallest order and they are referred to as human order or gyana avastha. Animals are far greater in quantity as compared to the human order.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 24. Explain the differences and similarities between animal order and human order. What is the relation between the two orders? (UPTU 2009 - 10)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Present the difference and similarity between a human being and an animal. Give examples to support your answer. (MTU 2010 – 11)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The two orders can be distinctly recognised in terms of their characteristics, participation with other units in similar order, activities, pattern of inheritance, etc. We can see this in the following diagram:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Order<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Things<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Activity<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Innate-ness<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Natural Characteristic<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Basic Activity<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Conformance<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animal order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animals and birds<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(Composition / decomposition, respiration) in body + selection in ‘I’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(Exisetence + growth) in body + will to live in ‘I’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(Composition / decomposition, nurture / worsen) in body + (non cruelty, cruelty) in ‘I’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(Recognising, fulfillment) in body + (assuming, recognising, fulfillment) in ‘I’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Breed conformance<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human beings<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(Composition / decomposition, respiration) in body + (selection, thought, desire) in ‘I’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(Exisetence + growth) in body + will to live with happiness in ‘I’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(Composition / decomposition, nurture / worsen) in body + (perceverance, bravery, generosity) in ‘I’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Recognising, fulfillment in body + (knowing, assuming, recognising, fulfillment) in ‘I’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Right values / sanskara conformance<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Things (Vastu)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animal order: The animal order is made of various kinds of animals and birds. These entities display both a body (physico-chemical activity) as well as a conscious activity (self or ‘I’). The animal order thus is the coexistence of the animal body (pranic order) and the self (or ‘I’ = consciousness).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human (knowledge) order: The human order is constituted of all the human beings. Each human being is co-existence of the self (‘I’, conscious entity = consciousness) and the body (pranic order).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Activity (Kriya)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animal Order: Body In Animals – Physico-Chemical Activities: The body displays respiration, or breathing, or pulsating also there is composition/ decomposition in the body.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">‘I’ In Animals – Conscious Activities: The activities in ‘I’ are fundamentally different from those in the body. <b>‘I’ is a unit that has the ability or capacity of assuming. </b>Animals make assumptions. If we have a dog and some strangers come into the house, the dog may start barking at him. If this person stays at our house, the dog may stops barking at him, but will continue to bark at other strangers. What has happened here is that the dog’s ‘assumption’ about this person has changed, due to which; the way in which it responds to the person has changed. We call this assuming.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human Order: The activities in human body are similar to that in the animal body, i.e. composition/ decomposition and respiration. When it comes to consciousness or ‘I’, however, the human displays more than just an ability to ‘select’ or make choices as animals do. In human beings, ‘I’ has the activities of desiring, thinking, and selecting/tasting, with a possibility or need for understanding and realization. Only humans have this need to know and that is why it is called gyana avastha – the knowledge order.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Innateness (dharana)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animal Order: The animal body is a development of the pranic order and therefore this order inherits the innateness of <b>‘existence’ and ‘growth’. </b>This is at the level of the body, which is physico-chemical in nature. In addition, <b>all units in this order have the ‘will to live’ in ‘I’. </b>Indeed no unit in this order can be separated from this ‘will to live’. It is intrinsic to every unit in this order.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human Order: When we look at the human being, we find that <b>‘existence’ and ‘growth’ are fundamentally present in the body</b>, just as in the animal body. <b>At the level of ‘I’ however, in addition to the ‘will to live’, a human being’s innateness is the ‘will to live with happiness’.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Natural Characteristics (Svabhava)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animal Order: The body of the animal belongs to the plant/bio or pranic order, and hence has the same ‘usefulness’ or ‘value’ as the pranic order. Thus <b>‘nurture/worsen’ is the svabhava of the animal body. The svabhava of the self (‘I’) of the animal order is non-cruelty (akrurata) and cruelty (krurata). </b>Cruelty (krurata) means the feeling that it can fulfil its needs through violence and forcefulness. For ex.,<b> </b>cows may largely be living with a feeling of non-cruelty (akrurata); while animals like tigers and lions may exhibit cruelty (krurata).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human Order: Similar as to the case in animals, the human body also belongs to the plant/ bio order and hence has the same svabhava or value/natural characteristic as the pranic order. <b>It either nurtures or worsens other pranic units. </b>As in the example above, when I digest the vegetable, I absorb the plant and it worsens, while my body is nurtured. <b>The svabhava/ value of the self (‘I’) in human beings is perseverance (dhirata), bravery (virata) and generosity (udarata).<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1. Perseverance (dhirata): Being assured that the all encompassing solution is to understand and live in harmony at all levels of existence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2. Bravery (virata): I am ready to help the other to have the right understanding.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3. Generosity (udarata): I am ready to invest myself, my body and wealth to help the other have the right understanding.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Basic Activity:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animal Order: there is only recognising, and fulfilment in body, and in self (I) there is the basic activity of assuming, recognising, fulfilment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human Order: human displays the same basic activity as that of animal body i.e. Recognising, fulfilment, but in self (I) human have one more activity i.e. knowing,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Conformance (Anu-Sangita)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animal order:<b> </b></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animals conform to their lineage. How animals are, their behaviour is according to their lineage they belong to, the lineage they come from. <i>Hence, we say that <b>an animal conforms to its breed, or has ‘breed conformance’. </b></i>This breed conformance method is the mechanism by means of which the continuity of an animal species is maintained in nature/existence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human (knowledge) order:<b> </b></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">We humans are not according to our lineage or race, as in animals. We humans are according to our <i>imagination</i>; according to our desires, thoughts and selection in ‘I’. The desires, thoughts and selections we have in ‘I’ can come from past memories, our parents, the environment, and the media, anywhere. In the case of humans, we can say ‘as the education, so the human’. Together, we call these ‘<i>sanskara</i>’. <i>Hence, we say that a <b>human being conforms to his or her sanskar or has ‘sanskaar conformance</b></i><b>’.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 25. Explain the difference and similarities between pranic order and animal order. What is the relation between the two orders?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Order<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Things<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Activity<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Innate-ness<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Natural Characteristic<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Basic Activity<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Conformance<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Pranic order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Plants and trees<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Composition / decomposition + respiration<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Exisetence + growth<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Composition / decomposition + nurture / worsen<sub><o:p></o:p></sub></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Recognising, fulfillment<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Seed conformance<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animal order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animals and birds<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(Composition / decomposition, respiration) in body + selection in ‘I’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(Exisetence + growth) in body + will to live in ‘I’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(Composition / decomposition, nurture / worsen) in body + (non cruelty, cruelty) in ‘I’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(Recognising, fulfillment) in body + (assuming, recognising, fulfillment) in ‘I’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Breed conformance<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 26. What are the four orders in nature? Describe their activities and natural characteristics?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What do you understand by ‘activity’? Write down the activity of the four orders in nature. (UPTU 2011 – 12)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Distinguish between the activities of different orders of nature giving an example of each. (MTU 2011 – 12)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Combination of all that is in solid, liquid or gas state, or the aggregate of all the mutually interacting units – big or small, sentient or insentient together can be called nature. We can categorize all these units into four distinct orders.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Material order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Pranic order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animal order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The four orders can be distinctly recognised in terms of their natural characteristics and activities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Order<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Things<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Activity<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Natural Characteristic<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Soil, water, metals, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Composition / decomposition<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Composition / decomposition<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-image: initial; border-left: 1pt solid black; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Pranic order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Plants and trees<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Composition / decomposition + respiration<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Composition / decomposition + nurture / worsen<sub><o:p></o:p></sub></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-image: initial; border-left: 1pt solid black; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animal order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animals and birds<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(Composition / decomposition, respiration) in body + selection in ‘I’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(Composition / decomposition, nurture / worsen) in body + (non cruelty, cruelty) in ‘I’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-image: initial; border-left: 1pt solid black; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human beings<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(Composition / decomposition, respiration) in body + (selection, thought, desire) in ‘I’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(Composition / decomposition, nurture / worsen) in body + (perceverance, bravery, generosity) in ‘I’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 27. How
will you show interconnectedness and mutual fulfilment in four order of nature with
examples.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“Other than human order, the three orders are mutually
fulfilling to each other”. Explain with examples. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Material,
pranic and animal order are fulfilling human order but human are not fulfilling
them. There is lack of mutual fulfilment from human order. How and why is it
so? <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Discuss the human interrelationship with nature.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What
are the orders of nature? How are all four orders interconnected?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">How
are we disturbing the balance in nature?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">There are four orders in nature. How does each order
participate in the harmony in the nature? Give few examples.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (UPTU 2010 – 11)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What are the four orders in nature? How can the human order
be responsible to the other three orders? (MTU 2010 – 11)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Critically examine the attitude of humans today towards the
other three orders of nature. Try to make a proper evaluation of human efforts.
(MTU 2010 – 11)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">How is the human order related to the other three orders in
nature? How does this understanding help in choosing the production activity
for a human being? (MTU 2011 – 12)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. In the nature, all the
units are connected to each other and fulfilling each other. Human being is
related to all other human beings. On this basis, we have feelings and emotions
for everyone. Human being is connected to all the material units in the
existence and gets aware of it as he starts exploring it. We can see this
interconnectedness and mutual fulfilment in the following diagram:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Material
Order and Plant/Bio-Order: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The material order
provides the nutrients to the plant/bio order in the form of soil, minerals, etc
while the plant/ bio order decays and forms more nutrients, thus enriching the
soil. The plant/bio order also decays to substances like oil and coal, which
are stored deep within the earth as protection against the heat from the molten
core inside the earth as well as the heat from the sun (<i>today, this is the
material we are removing and using as fuel</i>). Plants help move the nutrients
through the various layers of the soil. The roots of the plants hold the soil
together and prevent the soil from erosion. Plants produce oxygen/ carbon
dioxide and thus help in the movement of the material order. There is a mutual
interdependency and co-existence we can see here.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsve63ivh0IdZym7IEAX1AVvpCvGsnn8jQmV7ZJVoZOX96z7fD8lPjJh9TMhzu3aC4pt2wg2loKkXOUX2bW1TtLg7Vzm2QPQbvOeKjtU-amLgjSJWthR1UH0vqA08XzM1CHHLqTwDjoiw/s1600/IMG_20171107_125402495.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1600" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsve63ivh0IdZym7IEAX1AVvpCvGsnn8jQmV7ZJVoZOX96z7fD8lPjJh9TMhzu3aC4pt2wg2loKkXOUX2bW1TtLg7Vzm2QPQbvOeKjtU-amLgjSJWthR1UH0vqA08XzM1CHHLqTwDjoiw/s320/IMG_20171107_125402495.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b style="text-indent: -35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b style="text-indent: -35.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Material
Order, Plant/Bio- Order and Animal Order: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -35.45pt;">The
material order provides the basis for movement of all animals, birds and
fishes. Water, oxygen and other gases are necessities for both plants and
animals. At the same time, the animal order helps enrich the soil with its
excreta and this excreta helps the plants with nutrients. The plant/bio order
provides food for animals, birds and fishes. The animal Order helps in
pollination of the flowers of the pranic order.</span></div>
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</div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Material
Order, Plant/Bio- Order, Animal Order and Human Order: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">We humans also have a natural acceptance to be mutually fulfilling
to these three orders. However, <b>we are not able to ensure this mutual
fulfilment. </b>We are dependent on the material order for soil and minerals
and metals, but only end up polluting the soil and depleting the fossil fuels;
we are dependent on plants for our food and holding together the larger
ecosystem, but we have destroyed forests and destroyed multiple species of
plants and herbs; we are dependent on animals to carry out our production and
transportation activities, but have made many species of animals extinct, and
are today known for our cruelty towards animals. We can see that there is
interconnectedness and mutual fulfilment in all the orders of nature except
human order. We have to work on this.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ5gmCMhtnZPhQPTEm_3FcqzHL78ebH15395KD7DmYR7cluncUUTPRK-P6CmfqNJdLUv-wM2nAMAaOjMoTgMgd8l_34aRu65iyFboDwH7s2mrRggVSXHoysSnc5NoNYcGFVLxhBbg6g0w/s1600/IMG_20171107_125410453.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="970" data-original-width="1600" height="194" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ5gmCMhtnZPhQPTEm_3FcqzHL78ebH15395KD7DmYR7cluncUUTPRK-P6CmfqNJdLUv-wM2nAMAaOjMoTgMgd8l_34aRu65iyFboDwH7s2mrRggVSXHoysSnc5NoNYcGFVLxhBbg6g0w/s320/IMG_20171107_125410453.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 28. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What do you mean by ‘<i>conformance</i>’? Explain the <i>conformance</i> in the four orders.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Each unit conforms through the principle of conformance or anusangita. It means how the continuity of the fundamental nature of the unit is preserved.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Order</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" valign="top" width="170"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Material order</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Pranic order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animal order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 131.8pt;" width="176"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-image: initial; border-left: 1pt solid black; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Things</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Soil, water, metals, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Plants and trees<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animals and birds<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 131.8pt;" width="176"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human beings<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-image: initial; border-left: 1pt solid black; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" width="111"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Conformance<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Constitution conformance<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Seed conformance<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Breed conformance<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Right values / sanskara conformance<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 105px; margin-top: 6px; position: absolute; width: 32px; z-index: 251661824;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/DELL/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1026" width="32" /></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><b>Material order </b>The continuity of the fundamental nature of the material unit is preserved through the physical and chemical processes. Take iron for example. Each atom of iron comforms to the constitutional structure of ‘Iron’. There is no atom of iron that will be unlike the other atom of iron, if it were, we would not call it iron. We call this ‘constitution conformance’. The material order exhibits constitution conformance. We can verify this for all things in the material order. For example, oxygen, nitrogen, other gasses, gold, silver, aluminium… all of them <i>comform to</i> and are <i>always according</i> to the <i>constitution</i> of their kind. <i>Hence, we say that <b>any matter conforms to its constitution or has ‘constitution conformance’.</b></i></span><b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 105px; margin-top: 5px; position: absolute; width: 32px; z-index: 251662848;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/DELL/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1027" width="32" /></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><b>Plant/bio order </b>A neem seed will always sprout a neem plant. All of us know this. Its fruits, its leaves, the taste of the leaves, the colour of the leaves, all this information, this basic information of every neem plant is stored in the seed. Thus, we say the plant is always as the seed, or we can say, ‘as the seed, thus the plant’. <i>Hence, we say that</i> <b><i>a plant conforms to the seed, or has ‘seed comformance’. </i>This ‘seed comformance’ method is the mechanism by means of which the continuity of a plant species is mentained in nature/existence.</b></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 98px; margin-top: 5px; position: absolute; width: 32px; z-index: 251663872;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/DELL/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1028" width="32" /></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><b>Animal order </b>We see that a cow is always like a cow, and a dog is always like a dog. Animals conform to their lineage. How animals are, their behaviour, is according to their lineage they belong to, the lineage they come from. <i>Hence, we say that</i> <b><i>an animal comforms to its breed, or has ‘breed conformance’. </i>This breed conformance method is the mechanism by means of which the continuity of an animal species is mentained in nature/existence.</b></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 183px; margin-top: 5px; position: absolute; width: 31px; z-index: 251664896;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/DELL/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1029" width="31" /></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><b>Human (knowledge) order </b>We can see that we humans are not according to our lineage or race, as in animals. We may pick up something from our parents as we grow up, but we are usually very different in many ways from them. We humans are according to our <i>imagination</i>; according to our desires, thoughts and selection in ‘I’. the desires, thoughts and selections we have in ‘I’ can come from anywhere. It can come from past memories, it can come from our parents, the environment, the media, anywhere. In the case of humans, we can say ‘as the education, so the human’. We are according to our desires, thoughts and selections. Together, we call these ‘<i>sanskara</i>’. <i>Hence, we say that a <b>human being comforms to his or her</b></i><b> <i>sanskar or has ‘sanskaar conformance</i>’.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 29. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">How is the activity in human order is different with that of animal and plant order?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">An activity means something that ‘has motion’ and /or ‘has a result’. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The material order is active in multiple ways, and the same with the plant order or animal order or human order. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">We are sitting in a room. But we are active. We are thinking, desiring, the body has breath running, heart throbbing. The air in the room is blowing. The wall standing constantly also have activity. The chair in the room is also active. It may not be very visible to our eyes but the chair is still active.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">We can understand this activity in two ways:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Things that we see are ‘visibly moving’, through the naked eyes, such as a spinning top, a moving bus, a running man, are active, and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">All things that are ‘visibly stationery’, are not moving, are also active. Like a stationary chair. The activity of chair is that the wood of the chair is interacting with the environment and as a result it decays with time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">All units around us, including oursleves, are actibe, all the time. They are interacting with the environment. In the activity, there is a state or configuration and motion simultaneously. This remains all the time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Order<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Things<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Activity<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Material order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Soil, water, metals, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Composition / decomposition<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Pranic order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Plants and trees<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Composition / decomposition + respiration<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animal order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animals and birds<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(Composition / decomposition, respiration) in body + selection in ‘I’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Human beings<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(Composition / decomposition, respiration) in body + (selection, thought, desire) in ‘I’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 105px; margin-top: 5px; position: absolute; width: 32px; z-index: 251665920;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/DELL/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1030" width="32" /></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Material order</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> All material things (i.e. units in the material order) can be understood as an acitivity of ‘units’ coming together to form a bigger unit. We call this ‘composition’. For example, the chair is made of smaller pieces of wood. Bigger units can also separte from each other to form smaller units and we call this ‘decomposition’. Like a wooden chair can decay after a few years. Thus any unit in the material order can be understood as an ‘activity of ‘composition/decomposition’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 111px; margin-top: 6px; position: absolute; width: 31px; z-index: 251666944;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/DELL/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1031" width="31" /></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Plant/bio order </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">When we look at all the units that make up the plant/bio order we will find that they can be understood in terms of composition/ decomposition and respiration. Not only do plants compose (following new plants) and decompose (decaying), they are also breathing, or pulsating, which we call respiration.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 98px; margin-top: 5px; position: absolute; width: 31px; z-index: 251667968;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/DELL/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1032" width="31" /></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Animal order </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">We can understand the activities of animal order in two aspects:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 354px; margin-top: 6px; position: absolute; width: 32px; z-index: 251668992;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/DELL/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1033" width="32" /></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Body In Animals – Physico-Chemical Activities </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The body displays the same activities that we see the plant. The body displays respiration, or breathing, or pulsating, as we call it. The body is also formed at one point in time and keeps building cells as well, i.e. there is composition in the body. Hence, the activities in the body are the same as that in the plant/bio order, which are: composition/ decomposition and respiration. Hence, we say that the body belongs to plant/bio order.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 277px; margin-top: 5px; position: absolute; width: 32px; z-index: 251670016;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/DELL/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1034" width="32" /></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><b>‘I’ In Animals – Conscious Activities </b>The activities in ‘I’ are fundamentally different from those in the body. <b>‘I’ is a unit that has the ability or capacity of assuming.</b> Animals make assumptions. If you have a dog and some strangers comes into the house, the dog may start barking at him. If this person stays at your house, the dog may stops barking at him, but will continue to bark at other strangers. What has happened here is that the dog’s ‘assumption’ about this person has changed, due to which, the way in which it responds to the person has changed. We call this assuming.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">It is important to note that <b>this consciousness or faculty of assuming is not in the body.</b> The body belongs to the plant/bio order, and is physico-chemical in nature. It just responds to physico-chemical inputs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="height: 12px; left: 0px; margin-left: 184px; margin-top: 4px; position: absolute; width: 32px; z-index: 251671040;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/DELL/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1035" width="32" /></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><b>Human (knowledge) order </b>The activities in human body are similar to that in the animal body, and we have seen this in detail as: composition/ decomposition and respiration. When it comes to consciousness or ‘I’, however, the human displays more than just an ability to ‘select’ or make choices as animals do.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Thus, in human beings, ‘I’ has the acitvities of desiring, thinking, and selecting/tasting, with a possibility or need for understanding and realization. Only humans have this need to know and that is why it is called gyana avastha – the kowledge order.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 30. How can we say that ‘nature is Self Organized and in space Self-Organization Is Available.’<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. Every unit is an organization. A unit recognizes other units and combines to form a bigger organization. Starting from the atom, to the big galaxy, this organization goes on, as a self-organization. At every level, we get a self-organization. Sub atomic particles recognize each other and come together to form atoms. Cells recognize each other and form organizations like organs and a body. Planetary bodies, solar systems, galaxies are still bigger organizations. We are not organizing it. We are not supplying it organization from outside.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">When we look at humans, we see that we are self-organized at the level of the body. We are not organizing the body. We <i>are not doing anything for the coordination </i>between the heart, kidneys, lungs, eyes, brain, hands, legs, etc. All these are functioning together. Our input is needed only to provide the required nutrition, and to assist the body when we fall sick/get injured. At the level of ‘I’, we are not self-organized, but being in space, self-organization is available to the self (‘I’). That’s why we are in pursuit of happiness, which is essentially being in harmony. Whenever we are not in harmony, we are unhappy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">All the units of four orders are self-organized. No one is organizing them from outside. No one is supplying this organization. This self-organization is available to units being in space. Hence, for space, we say ‘self organization is available’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 31. Define existence? Show that existence is in a form of co-existence.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Existence is co-existence of mutually interacting units in all-pervasive space. Explain. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(UPTU 2010–11)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">“Existence = Nature submerged in space” – Elaborate this point.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Short notes on Co-existence of units in space.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Differentiate between units and space. How are units self-organized in space?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What do you mean by co-existence? How are units in co-existence being in space?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">How do unit and space co-exist?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What are the various attributes of units and space? Explain each.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Write a short note on ‘nature (units) submerged in space’. Explain the meaning of submerged here. (UPTU 2011 - 12)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">‘Existence is co-existence’. Give your opinion. (UPTU 2011 – 12)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">There is no existence without harmony. Explain.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">All the units together constitute nature. All the units of nature exist in space which is an important reality to understand. <b>Existence is nothing but the nature in space.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Existence = Exist + Essence, whatever exists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">To be harmony<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">We define unit as something that is limited in size. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Like a small blade of human hair to the biggest planets we know of, they are all limited in size, i.e. bounded on six sides. So, all the ‘things’ we have been studying so far: the human beings, animals, lumps of matter as well as various atoms and molecules, are all ‘units’. We can recognize them as such, <b>they are countable</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">But there is another ‘reality’ called ‘space’. We normally don’t pay attention to this ‘reality’, because it’s not a ‘unit’. We can’t ‘touch it’, smell it. We normally just ‘see through it’. But the fact is because we can’t ‘touch it’ or ‘see it’ as we would see a unit like our body, our friends, or a piece of rock, doesn’t mean it does not exist. <b>Space exists everywhere</b>. <b>Co-existence is a state in which two or more groups are living together while respecting their differences and resolving their conflicts non-violently. </b>Co-existence has been defined in numerous ways:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">To exist together (in time or space) and to exist in mutual tolerance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">To learn to recognize and live with difference.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">To have a relationship between persons or groups in which none of the parties is trying to destroy the other.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">To exist together (in time or place) and to exist in mutual tolerance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">EXISTENCE<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Nature submerged in Space<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(Collection of units) (Empty)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Limited Unlimited<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Active No activity<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Energized Equilibrium energy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Recognizes and fulfils the relation All reflecting, transparent<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Self organized Self organized is available<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Unit All pervasive<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Abundance with diversity All pervasive<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Consciousness (I) – Nirantar Nitya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Material- Anitya (Ulimited in space and time)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(Niranatar: Limited in space, Unlimited in time, Anitya: Limited in space and time)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">When we look at the existence around, the first thing we see is space. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">And then we see the units in space. Between every two units there is a space. <b>The units exist in space. </b>If we were to define this, we would say that there are two kinds of realities in existence and these are: space and units (in space). So we say,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Existence = space + units (in space)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Since nature consists of the four orders we have been discussing, we can say,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">“Existence = Nature submerged in space”.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Nature = Four orders (Material, Plant/Bio or Pranic, Animal and Human Order)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 32. Explain the concept of holistic perception of harmony in existence.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. The existence is units in space. Space is the empty area all around. The units are of two types: material (insentient) and conscious (the sentient ‘I’). The <b>material units are transformable, and their composition keeps on changing</b>, hence these are <b>gathansheel</b>. The other category of units, <b>the sentient ‘I’, does not transform and are complete in composition</b>, hence <b>gathanpurna</b>. The material units are changeful (with activities of recognizing and fulfilment only) while the other kinds of units are continuous (with activities of knowing, assuming, recognizing and fulfilment). The material units are available in two orders – material order and pranic order. In the material order, an atom combines with another atom to form a molecule; a molecule similarly forms a molecular structure. Molecular structures are found in two forms: lumps and fluids. Fluids give nutrition to pranic order. In pranic order, the smallest units are plant cells which combine with other cells to form plants, animal bodies and human bodies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The co-existence of ‘I’ with the animal body becomes the animal order, and the co-existence of ‘I’ with the human body becomes the human order. Completion of right understanding in human being is called <b>kriyapurnata </b>and ability to live with complete understanding is called <b>acharanpurnata</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">If we look at the left side of the chart, the transformation keeps taking place and the transformation is cyclic in nature. But on the right hand side, the transitions are acyclic. This implies that what we have understood continues to stay with us. We will never miss it. This is a transition in one direction. This is actually called development (vikas).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">So, Existence is in the form of co-existence. It is in Harmony. We don’t have to <i>create </i>this harmony, it already exists. We only have to <i>understand </i>it to be in it. This means that having the knowledge of self (‘I’) gives me the knowledge of humane conduct (how to live in existence, with the four orders). With this knowledge, I can live with humane conduct. This is the pending task we have to complete.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 33. Explain how there is recyclability and self regulation in
nature.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Write a short note
on the recyclability and self-regulation in nature.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Explain the
recyclability in nature with any two examples. (UPTU 2009-10)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">There is recyclability in nature. Explain this statement with
any two examples. How does it help in production activity? (UPTU 2011 - 12)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Explain the
recyclability of any two units in nature with examples. How is it useful for
sustainable production activities? </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(UPTU
2010 – 11)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. There are several cyclical
processes that we can see in nature. For example the cycle of water,
evaporating, condensing and precipitating back to water giving the weather
phenomena. The cycles keep these materials self-regulated on the earth. Breeds
of plants and animals are similarly self-regulated in their environment. In a
forest, the growth of trees takes place in a way so that the amount of soil,
plants and animals remains conserved. It never happens that the number of trees
shoots up and there is a lack of soil for the trees. The appropriateness of the
conditions for growth of both plants and animals are self-regulated in nature
keeping the population proportions naturally maintained. This phenomenon is
termed as self-regulation. In a single breed of animals, the number of males
and females generated through procreation is such that the continuity of
species is ensured by itself. This happens with humans too, but inhuman
practices have led to disproportionate numbers of men and women. These two
characteristics namely, cyclical nature and self-regulation provide us with
some clues of the harmony that is in nature.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 34. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Explain
the basic activity in the four orders in nature.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS.
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<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" width="111"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Order<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Things<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 287.4pt;" width="383"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Basic
Activity<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" width="111"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Material order <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Soil, water, metals, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 287.4pt;" width="383"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Recognising, fulfillment<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" width="111"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pranic order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Plants and trees<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 287.4pt;" width="383"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Recognising, fulfillment<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" width="111"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Animal order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Animals and birds<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 287.4pt;" width="383"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(Recognising, fulfillment) in body + (assuming,
recognising, fulfillment) in ‘I’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" width="111"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Human order<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Human beings<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 287.4pt;" width="383"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Recognising, fulfillment in body + (knowing, assuming, recognising,
fulfillment) in ‘I’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In the material and pranic order, there is only recognizing
and fulfilment.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b>Such units do not have the activities of assuming and knowing.</b> Take
for example, hydrogen and oxygen recognise the relation to each other, and
combine to form water. A brick and the other brick have a definite relation,
recognise it and get arranged to form a building. A plant recognises the
relation with sun and water, and fulfils it by acting accordingly. Such
activities take place in a similar way all the time, there is no seleciton
involved here. A plant does not choose to turn or not to turn to sun, absorb or
not to absorb water. Similarly, the fan in your room does not choose to rotate
clockwise or anti-clockwise. It turns as per the winding in the motor. No
choise.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">When we look at the animals and humans, we find selection
taking place. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 35. Comment on the statement: “Nature is limited and space is
unlimited.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. Nature has four orders and
there are units in each order. <b>Each unit is limited in size. </b>The size
ranges from being really small (atom) to really big (galaxies). Each and every
unit is finite and limited in size, be it the smallest particle or the biggest
galaxies. Space, on the other hand is unlimited. <b>Space has no ‘size’</b>,
unlike units, it is not bounded. So, there is no beginning or end to space, as
there is to units. For example, when we take a book, we know that it starts and
finishes. We say the book is ‘limited’ in size. When we take space, there is no
such thing. There is space behind us, inside us, between us and the book,
between the book and the earth, in the book, in every page of it, inside the
page, and beyond the earth…. <i>all the way till we can imagine</i>. We find
that <b>space pervades; it is all-pervading. </b>Units, on the other hand are
not all-pervading. This is how we recognize them as units.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Q
36. Explain energized and energy in equilibrium.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS. </span></b><u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What we normally call or consider as energy today, is the
‘transfer of energy’</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. For example, when you
place water in a vessel on the stove, we say the heat energy from the flame was
transferred to the water in the vessel. Anything that is a unit, has activity, <b>anything that has activity, is energized. </b>All
the particles in the water and the metal stove are active, very active and
energized. Hence we don’t say that space is energized but we say <b>‘space is energy in equilibrium’ or it is
‘constant energy’.</b> All units are energized in space. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This energy is
available to all units. In other words, space is equilibrim energy, all units
are in space; all units are energized and active being in space.</span></i><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">UNIT 5<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Short answer questions<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Define the following terms<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Ethics: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The definitiveness of human conduct in terms of values, policies and character is termed as ethics. The ethics in the living of an individual can be imbibed only through inculcation of values, policies and character, and this is possible through the process of ensuring right understanding through self-exploration.</span> </li>
</ol>
<ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Utility Value (Upyogita Mulya): </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The participation of human being in ensuring the role of physical facility in nurture, protection and providing means for the body.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Artistic value (kala mulya): </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The participation of a human being in ensuring the role of physical facility to help and preserve its utility.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="4" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Policy (Niti): </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Policy is the decision (plan, program, implementation, results, evaluation) about the enrichment, protection and right utilization of the resources (self, body and wealth – mana, tana and dhana). This is an outcome of my desires, thought and expectation (selection) as guided by right understanding.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="5" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Character (Charitra): </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The definiteness of my desire, thought and selection gives definiteness to my living. Definitiveness of character is the outcome of the definiteness of my behaviour and work.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="6" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Professional Ethics: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Professional ethics means to develop professional competence with ethical human conduct. Ethical human conduct means definitiveness of human conduct. Ethical human conduct is the foundation of professional ethics.</span> </li>
</ol>
<ol start="7" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Universal Human Order: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Universal human order (sarvabhauma vyavastha) is a feeling of being related to every unit including human beings and other entities of nature. Having understood the comprehensive human goal, we are able to be in harmony not only with human beings, but also with the rest of the nature. We are able to see that we are related to every unit in nature and ensure mutual fulfilment in that relationship.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="8" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Perseverance (Dhirata):</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"> After understanding the system, patiently participating in it. Being assured that the all encompassing solution is to understand and live in harmony at all levels of existence, living with this commitment without any perturbation.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="9" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Bravery (Veerta):</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Helping other in understanding and participating in system. (1) Being assured that the all encompassing solution is to understand and live in harmony at all levels of existence, and I am ready to help the other have the right understanding. (2) this is the commitment to help the other have the right understanding of and live in harmony at all levels of existence.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="10" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Generosity (Udarta):</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Using our mind, body and wealth in system. Readiness to invest oneself, one’s body and wealth to help the other have the right understanding and live accordingly.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="11" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Kindness (Daya):</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> To give opportunity or thing to a person who have ability. If a person has abilities to rightly utilize the resource but lacks in resources then providing him resources is called Kindness.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="12" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Beneficence (Kripa):</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> To give ability to a person who have opportunity or thing. If a person has resource but lacks in abilities to rightly utilize the resources then providing him ability is called Beneficence.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="13" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Campassion (Karuna):</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> Providing both ability and thing to a person. If a person neither has resource not the abilities to rightly utilize the resources then providing him both ability and resource is called compassion.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="14" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Economic Value (Artha Niti):</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> policy for enrichment of self, body and wealth</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="15" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Political Value (Rajya Niti):</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> policy for protection of self, body and wealth</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="16" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Policy For Universal Human Order (Dharma Niti):</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> policy for right utilization of self, body and wealth</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="17" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Samagra Vyavastha:</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> the whole existence is in coexistence i.e. nature is submerged in space and both exist in harmony, this is known as samagra vyavastha. It is definite and self organized system.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="18" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Holistic Alternative:</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> A correct appraisal of the comprehensive human goal and human welfare and the realization of co existence at all levels enable us to visualize and gradually evolve a viable alternative to the prevailing pattern of human living. Thus the right understanding prepares us for moving towards the holistic alternative (universal human order, svarajya) which will be sustainable as well as conducive to fulfil the basic human aspirations for all human beings.</span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Universal Human values:</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> Universal human values are manifestation of the truth of existence (harmony, coexistence) in various dimensions of human interaction in terms of the participation in the universal order. </span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Humanistic Education: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Humanistic education means appropriate integration of values and skills so that human beings are able to understand their physical needs correctly and adopt suitable techniques and production systems to cater to these needs in an eco- friendly and people friendly manner.</span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Humanistic Constitution: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Providing clear guidelines and policy frame work conducive to the development of an un-fragmented human society and a universal human order is humanistic constitution. It can be possible only by the help of right understanding.</span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Profession: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(a) participation in the larger order, in the form of behaviour and work. (b) to profess what one knows – in human consciousness with the right understanding.</span></li>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 24. What is ethical human conduct? OR </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">How does right understanding provide the basis for ethical human conduct? Give two examples.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. The right understanding gained through self-exploration enables us to identify the definitiveness of human conduct which may also be called the ethical human conduct. It is the same for all human beings. So we are also able to understand the universality of ethical human conduct which is in consonance with the universal human values. Unless we have the right understanding, we are not able to identify the definitiveness of ethical human conduct.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Long answer questions<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 25. What is ethical human conduct? Explain in terms of values, policies and character with appropriate examples.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The right understanding gained through self-exploration also enables us to identify the definitiveness of human conduct which may also be called the ethical human conduct. It is the same for all human beings. So we are also able to understand the universality of ethical human conduct which is in consonance with the universal human values. Unless we have the right understanding, we are not able to identify the definitiveness of ethical human conduct.<b> </b>It can be understood in terms of the following:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1. Values (Mulya):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2. Policy (Niti):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3. Character (Charitra):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1. Values (Mulya): </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Competence of living in accordance with universal human values or the participation of a unit in the larger order- its natural characteristics or svabhava. The values of a human being can be enumerated as thirty, which are listed below:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">A) Values in self (Jivan Mulya):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Happiness (Sukha): </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Definitiness of expectation (selecting/ tasting) based on definitiness of thought manifests as happiness.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Peace (Shanti): </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Definitiness of thought based on definitiness of desire manifests as peace.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Satisfaction (Santosh): </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Definitiness of desire based on understanding manifests as satisfaction.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Bliss (Ananda): </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Understanding based on realization manifests as bliss.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">B) Values in Human – Human Relationship (Sambandh Mulya):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Established – Values<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Expressed – Values<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Visvasa (Trust)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Saujanyata (Complementariness)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Sammana (Respect<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Sauhardra (Compliance)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">11<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Sneha (Affection)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Nistha (Commitment)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Mamta (Care)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Udarata (Generosity)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">13<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Vatsalya (Guidance)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Sahajata (Spontaneity)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">14<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Shraddha (Reverence)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Pujyata (Obedience)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">15<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Gaurava (Glory)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Saralata (Ease)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">16<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Kritagyata (Gratitude)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Saumyata (Self-Restraint)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">17<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Prema (Love)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Ananyata (Unanimity)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">18<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What we need to have is the established value; the expressed value is a natural outcome.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">C) Values of a Human Being in its Participation in Universal Human Order (Manav Mulya):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Perseverance (Dhirata): After understanding the system, patiently participating in it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Bravery (Veerta): Helping other in understanding and participating in system.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Generosity (Udarta): Using our mind, body and wealth in system.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Kindness (Daya): To give opportunity or thing to a person who have ability<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Beneficence (Kripa): To give ability to a person who have opportunity or thing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Campassion (Karuna): Providing both ability and thing to a person.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">D) Values of Human Being in the Interaction with the Rest of the Nature (Vastu Mulya):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Utility Value (Upyogita Mulya): To prepare a physico-chemical object for nourish and protection.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Artistic value (Kala Mulya): To ensure the long lasting utility of the object.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2. Policy (Niti)</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">: The decision (plan, program, implementation, results, evaluation) about the enrichment, protection and right utilization of the resources (self, body and wealth – mana, tana and dhana). Have three parts:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">A) Economic Value (Artha Niti): enrichment of self, body and wealth<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">B) Political Value (Rajya Niti): protection of self, body and wealth<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">C) Policy for Universal Human Order (Dharma Niti): right utilization of self, body and wealth<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3. Character (Charitra)</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">: The definiteness of my desire, thought and selection gives definiteness to my living.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">A) Sva Nari, Sva Purush: Chastity in conjugal relationship<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">B) Sva Dhana: Rightful production, acquisition and utilization of wealth<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">C) Dayapurna Vyavahar and Dayapurna Karya: Kindness in behaviour (people friendly) and work (eco friendly)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 26. What do you understand by definitiveness of ethical human conduct? Why is this definitiveness desirable?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What do you mean by definitiveness of ethical human conduct? How can it be ensured? (UPTU 2011 – 12)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The right understanding gained through self-exploration also enables us to identify the definitiveness of human conduct which may also be called the ethical human conduct. It is the same for all human beings. So we are also able to understand the universality of ethical human conduct which is in consonance with the universal human values. Each one of us<b> </b>wants to have a definite conduct but presently we may not be able to ensure that. This is because we are presently living on the basis of our pre-conditionings or assumptions which are not in consonance with the truth or the right understanding. But, this situation neither gives satisfaction to us not to others. We do see the human beings struggling to find out what the right conduct is and in the process, exhibiting a wide variety of attributes. We also see people debating endlessly about what they consider to be ethical. But unless we have the right understanding, we are not able to identify the definitiveness of ethical human conduct.<b> </b>It can be understood in terms of the following:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Values (Mulya) : Competence of living in accordance with universal human values or the participation of a unit in the larger order- its natural characteristics or svabhava is known as values. Values are a part of our ethical conduct.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Policy (Niti) : policy is the decision (plan, program, implementation, results, evaluation) about the enrichment, protection and right utilization of the resources (self, body and wealth – mana, tana and dhana).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Character (Charitra) : The definiteness of my desire, thought and selection gives definiteness to my living. Definitiveness of character is the outcome of the definiteness of my behaviour and work.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 27. How do the current world views lead to contradictions and dilemmas in professional life? – Explain.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. <b>Contradictions and Dilemmas: </b>We can understand more clearly through examples how the contradictions and dilemmas are inherently generated by the prevailing worldview in which wealth maximization is perceived to be the prime objective. In such a paradigm, ‘your loss is my gain’. Thus the other person’s happiness seems to be in conflict with my happiness. In that case, the other people have to be exploited for one to gain affluence and there is no possibility of mutual fulfilment in a sustainable way. In the same way, exploitation of nature also becomes acceptable as it helps a person to accumulate wealth easily and there is no limit to this. Let us analyse how such a world view affects the propensity of people in different professions. Take the example of business circles, whenever there is a scarcity of commodity due to say – monsoon failure or other natural disturbances or wars etc, the people in general are in distress and need succour; however in such a situation the businessmen endowed with materialistic world view will feel elated and look at it as an opportunity to make maximum profit. They feel that the market is ‘improving’ and they should take the maximum advantage of it, even accentuate it by hoarding and black marketing to serve their objective. Thus the interest of such businessmen and the consumers in general come in direct conflict. While in reality they are expected to be mutually complementary. In a similar way, ethical practices like adulteration and spurious production etc. are also adopted in an attempt to increase profits- albeit at the cost of greatly endangering public health and safety. An interesting example of the prevailing dichotomy is evident in the advertisements that we daily come across, particularly in case of various evidently harmful products like cigarettes, pan masala etc. Where on one hand, the use of these products is highly glamorized to attract the consumers and in the end there is an inconspicuous statutory warning indicating that the use of these products is injurious to health. Thus there is clear tendency of making profits by promoting the sale of the products which are injurious to public health. In such a situation the dilemma as to how much importance is to be given to one’s profit and how much to the welfare always remains unresolved.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 28. What do you understand by holistic technology? Briefly explain.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What is a holistic technology? Take any two such examples from the Indian tradition and elaborate on them. (UPTU 2011 - 12)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Descrive briefly the criteria for evaluation of holistic technology. Support your answer with an example. (MTU 2011 – 12)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. The modern technologies and systems are all human inventions in response to the needs visualized under the influence of the prevailing worldview. Accordingly, they have been designed and optimized to the objective functions best suited to this world view. In order to facilitate the development of holistic technologies and systems, it will be necessary to visualize alternative objective functions and to formulate appropriate criteria for evaluation compatible with comprehensive human goal. Generally speaking, there are three broad criteria to guide the development of such technologies and systems, viz.,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">a)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Catering to appropriate needs and lifestyles,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">b)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">People-friendly, and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">c)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Eco-friendly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Criteria for Technologies<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The above mentioned general criteria can be itemized into more specific form as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Catering to real human needs<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Compatible with natural systems and cycles<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Facilitating effective utilization of human body, animals, plants and materials<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Safe, user-friendly and conducive to health<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Producible with local resources and expertise as far as possible<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Promoting the use of renewable energy resources<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Low cost and energy efficient<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Enhancing human interaction and cooperation<o:p></o:p></span></li>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 29. Give a critical review of the current management models in profession.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. Learning from the Systems in Nature and Traditional Practices: If we really wish to gain an insight into the holistic systems, we have a lot to learn from systems of nature and from traditional practices. With modern developments in science and technology, and their widespread application, an impression has grown that the nature is primarily for exploitation as per the whims and fancies of human beings, the nature has to be tamed/controlled and exploitated for human enjoyment. Further, it is believed that the systems in nature are all primitive and have to be replaced by man-made systems. This is how one looks at ‘development’. Similarly, it is also believed that the traditional practices are all obsolete and have to be rejected outright. This arrogant attitude towards nature and the traditional know-how has caused much damage to humanity in recent times. It is high time we critically examine these beliefs and rectify them in the light of right understanding.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">In reality, nature is not only our nourisher but also a learning ground. The human beings are an integral part of this self-sustaining nature and it is essential to understand its functioning and systems to live in harmony with it. After all, it is only by diligent study of nature that all the laws and principles governing various processes have been discovered by human beings. In a similar way, the systems and cycles of nature also need to be understood and emulated as required in man-made designs. Then only, we can correctly visualize and evolve the holistic way of living.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">As for the traditional practices, it is true that with increase in knowledge and skills, and with changing needs, it is necessary to make improvisations in technologies and systems of human use, however, in order to do that it is essential to critically evaluate their strengths and weaknesses. It is important to identify the characteristics which have enabled the traditional practices to serve humanity for long periods. The eco-friendly and people-friendly characteristics of many traditional practices are very much worthy of our recognition and retention. Then we will be in a better position to utilize our present day knowledge to augment the systems and make them more effective, efficient and more suited to current needs. For example, we can learn a lot from the traditional practices of eco-friendly agriculture techniques, watershed management, eco-restoration, herbal formulations, preservation techniques, and artisanal practices and so on. It does not amount to going backwards but rather enables us to avail from the vast storehouse of wisdom and experience so that we become better prepared to take the leap forward in the right direction.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 30. Critically examine the issues in professional ethics in the current scenario. List any five unethical practices in profession today and the methods being tried to curb them.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">What are the reasons of unethical practices in profession today? What is the real solution to the above problems? Give your opinion. (UPTU 2011 – 12)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Elaborate on any two practices that are unethical but still quite prevalent in profession today. Suggest few measures to solve the problems in a sustainable way. (MTU 2010 – 11)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Mention some of the unethical practices in society today. How do the prevailing world views lead to such unethical practices? (MTU 2011 – 12)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The unethical practices are rapidly increasing and their impact is also becoming far-reaching. Corruption in multifarious manifestations is afflicting all the professions like a virus. Similarly, other unethical practices are also proliferating and getting out of control. It appears as if human ingenuity is being increasingly harnessed to devise newer and subtler ways to thwart the ethical conduct of profession, to twist the laws and to beat the system. As a result of this ‘epidemic’ of unethical practices, we are frequently coming across serious scams, major economic offences and kickbacks in large scale purchases. Lapses on the part of big organizations in ethical conduct of profession have led to large scale disasters, such as Bhopal Gas Tragedy, the Chernobyl Disaster, etc. endangering public life and prosperity, and causing serious degradation to environment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">This menace becomes even more serious as unethical politics are adopted collectively by large industries, cartels, multinational corporations and even national governments. We are also quite familiar how misleading propaganda, advertisements using sex-appeal, the influence of show business ad celebrities are being employed to influence the public mind for promoting all types of products which are not quite conductive to human welfare. We may enlist some salient categories of these unethical practices as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Corruption in multiple forms and at various levels.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Tax evasion, misappropriation and misuse of public funds.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Misleading propaganda, unethical advertisements and sale promotion.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Cut-throat competition.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Exploiting the weakness of consumers through various enticements<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Adulteration and spurious production<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Endangering the health and safety of public at large.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Hoarding and over-charging etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">………… the list could be much longer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Q 31. Explain how Identification of svatva leads to svatantrata and svarajya.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">You were introduced to the words Svatva, svatantrata and svarajya. How does the self-exploration help you to identify swatva and transition to swatantrata and swarajya?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">How does exploring our svatva leads to svatantrata and svarajya.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Elaborate on the meaning of swatwa (innateness), swatantrata (self organization) and swarajya (self expression). How are they related? (MTU 2011 – 12)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">. We are exploring our svatva and in the process of self-verification and living accordingly, we are attaining svatantrata and svarajya. Having discussed the content of right understanding, we can see how we explored our svatva (our natural acceptance) at different levels of our living and how the dialogue that started in us helped us getting rid of our preconceived notions, our dilemmas, contradictions and compulsions, either external or internal. Having explored our svatva, we are able to live accordingly and this way, we become svatantra. The more, we attain this self- organized state, we are able to live in harmony with others and also we are able to help others attain this state. This leads to our participation in svarajya. It is a natural process. It leads by itself, without any external force.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">From here we get an important message: the effort towards ensuring orderliness in the society is possible and is sustained by ensuring orderliness in ourselves. Every mechanism to bring order in the society needs to be based on this. This is an important implication of right understanding when we go to make policies for nations and the world.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 32. Comment on Profession – in the light of comprehensive human
goal<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. Any profession is a
channel for participation by human beings in the larger order in pursuance of comprehensive
human goal. In the process, one is able to contribute towards the livelihood of
one’s family and also participate in the larger order constituting the society
and the nature around. All these activities do require a certain degree of skill
and are expected to be performed in consonance with the comprehensive human
goal. Then only, these will be conducive to the sustained welfare of the individual
as well as the society. The excellence or the success of any professional activity
is to be judged from this comprehensive point of view only and not in terms of
just wealth generation. Accordingly, the profession is not only a means of
earning one’s livelihood but a means of one’s evolution by appropriate
participation in the larger order. It is an important activity to authenticate one’s
understanding, whereby interact with other human beings and with rest of nature
in a mutually fulfilling manner. Thus, profession is a ‘service’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 33. What do you mean by professional ethics?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. Professional ethics means
to develop professional competence with ethical human conduct. Ethical human
conduct means definitiveness of human conduct. Ethical human conduct is the
foundation of professional ethics. The only effective way to ensure
professional ethics is through correct appraisal and systematic development of
ethical competence in the professional (the human being). Profession is a
significant domain of human activity targeted towards participating in the
larger order which includes the society and nature around. Thus, it is a
meaningful participation for each one in one or more of the five domains of
human endeavour needed for a harmonious society. Ethical conduct of profession
implies the right utilization of one’s professional skills towards the
fulfilment of comprehensive human goal and thus, meaningfully participates in
the larger order. Professional ethics may be defined as a form of applied
ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that
arise in a business environment. Professional ethics concerns the moral issues
that arise because of the specialist knowledge that professionals attain, and
how the use of this knowledge should be governed when providing a service to
the public.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 34. What do you mean by competence in professional ethics? Elaborate
with examples.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What do you understand by competence in professional ethics?
Give two examples of its implications in industry. (MTU 2010 – 11)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. Professional ethics means
to develop professional competence with ethical human conduct. Developing ethical
competence in the individual (profession) is the only effective way to ensure
professional ethics. The development of ethical competence is a long term
process to be achieved through appropriate value education. As profession is
only a subset of the life activities, the competence in profession will only be
the manifestation of one’s right understanding. The salient features
characterizing this competence can be summarized as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Clarity about comprehensive human goal</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">: Samadhan – Samridhi – Abhay – Sah-astitva, and its fulfilment
through universal human order.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Confidence in oneself</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">: Based on
the right understanding of oneself and the rest of existence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mutually fulfilling behaviour</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">:
Clarity and confidence in ethical human conduct and its correlation with
sustained personal as well as collective happiness and prosperity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mutually enriching interaction with nature</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">: Self-sufficiency in fulfilment of physical needs; ability to
assess the needs for physical facilities for the family and their fulfilment through
production systems ensuring harmony in the nature. In the light of the above,
one acquires the ability to identify and develop appropriate (people-friendly
and eco-friendly) technologies, production systems etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 35. What do you mean by ‘universal human order’?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What is your
vision of a universal human order? Write in your own words.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (UPTU 2010 – 11)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What do you mean
by universal human order? What are its implications? (MTU 2011 – 12)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. Universal human order
(sarvabhauma vyavastha) is a feeling of being related to every unit including human
beings and other entities of nature. Having understood the comprehensive human
goal, we are able to be in harmony not only with human beings, but also with
the rest of the nature. We are able to see that we are related to every unit in
nature and ensure mutual fulfilment in that relationship.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">On the bases of understanding of harmony, we get the notion of an
undivided society and universal human order. The universal human order will
comprise of:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The five dimensions of human
endeavour (education, health etc) towards a fragmented society.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The steps of organization from
family to world family, each anchored in right understanding will
integrated in the following way:<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Family
=> family cluster => village / community => village cluster =>
=> => world family<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 36. What
are the implications of value based living at all four levels of living?
Explain.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (UPTU 2009-10)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. The implications of
value-based living can be studied in the following terms:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">At the level of the individual </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">–
Transition towards happiness and prosperity will take place at the individual
level. It will instil self confidence, spontaneous joyfulness, peace,
contentment and bliss in the self, and also perseverance, bravery and
generosity in living of the individual.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">At the level of the family </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">- Mutual fulfilment
in relationships, prosperity in the family, sustenance of joint families,
family as the building block of societal order in place of law enforcing
bodies, respect for all without differentiation on the basis of age, gender,
caste, race, money, post, creed, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">At the level of the society </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">–
Fearlessness in the society, holistic systems for education, health, justice,
production, exchange and storage, harmony between nations, world growing as a
family.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">At the level of nature </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">–
Co-existence of all units in nature, earth getting more and more suited for sustenance
of all entities on the globe, balance of seasons, proper development<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -42.55pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Q
37. What would be the pragmatic implications of value-based living at the four
levels? Briefly explain.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
implications of value based living can be understood in the following terms:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">At the level of
the individual</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – Achive happiness,
peace, contentment and bliss in the self, perseverance, bravery and generosity
in living of the individual. The individual get rid of the tensions,
frustrations, depression, and other such situations<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">At the level of
the family</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> - Mutual fulfillment in
relationships, prosperity in the family, sustenance of joint families, family
as the building block of societal order in place of law enforcing bodies,
respect for all without differntiation on the basis of age, gender, caste,
race, money, post, creed, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">At the level of
the society</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – Fearlessness in the
society, holistic systems for education, health, justice, production, exchange
and storage, harmony between nations, world growing as a family.
Differentiations on the basis of body, physical facilites and beliefs will be
reduced. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">At the level of
nature</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> – Co-existence of all units in
nature, earth getting more and more suited for sustenance of all entities on
the globe, balance of seasons, proper development. The problems of pollution
and resource depletion can be solved. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Q 38. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What
are the values in interaction of human beings with the material things? Give
one example of each.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -20.7pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What
is utility value and artistic value? How are both important in human life?
Explain with example.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">'When
there is no utility there is no scope for art too'. Explain.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ANS.
</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Competence of living in accordance with universal human
values or the participation of a unit in the larger order- its natural
characteristics or svabhava. Values are a part of our ethical conduct. They are
the natural outcome of realization and right understanding, which are always
definite. Values need not to be imposed through fear, greed or blind belief.
The vastu mulya (values of Human Being in the Interaction with the Rest of the
Nature) is the participation of the human being with the rest of the nature. It
is further chategoriized as:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>i.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Utility Value (Upyogita Mulya): </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The participation of human being in ensuring the role of
physical facility in nurture, protection and providing means for the body.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>ii.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Artistic value (kala mulya): </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The participation of a human being in ensuring the role of
physical facility to help and preserve its utility. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">For
example, the utility value of a pen is that it aids in writing. This provides a
means to the body. Providing a cap to the pen so that the ink does not spill, a
proper design for holding of the pen while writing, etc. preserve the utility
of the pen. A shirt has the utility that it protects the body. This is its
utility value. Designing the shirt so that it can be easily put on is the
artistic value.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></b></div>
</div>
Dr. Niyati Garghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00257175176585877240noreply@blogger.com31tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4194774821142705626.post-36527804865948912452014-03-29T10:18:00.000+05:302014-03-29T10:18:32.958+05:30GREAT WORDS BY SOME GREAT PEOPLE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;">The
Best Motivation Always Comes From Within </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">– Michael Johnson</span><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span></div>
</div>
Dr. Niyati Garghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00257175176585877240noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4194774821142705626.post-32745253813213771862014-03-26T07:29:00.001+05:302014-03-26T07:29:43.548+05:30GREAT WORDS BY SOME GREAT PEOPLE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">Concentration
Is The Secret Of Strength </span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-large; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-large; text-indent: -21.3pt;">– R. W. Emerson</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
Dr. Niyati Garghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00257175176585877240noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4194774821142705626.post-12525524472276638772014-03-23T17:16:00.000+05:302014-03-23T17:16:04.527+05:30GREAT WORDS BY SOME GREAT PEOPLE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Small
Opportunities Are Often The Beginning Of Great Enterprises – Demosthenes</span><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
Dr. Niyati Garghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00257175176585877240noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4194774821142705626.post-12017547257392959012014-03-14T07:29:00.004+05:302014-03-14T07:29:39.221+05:30GREAT WORDS BY SOME GREAT PEOPLE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">We
Were Born To Succeed, Not To Fail – Thoreau</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
Dr. Niyati Garghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00257175176585877240noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4194774821142705626.post-3312273668599420312014-03-09T07:42:00.001+05:302014-03-09T07:42:12.565+05:30GREAT WORDS BY SOME GREAT PEOPLE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">Your Worth Consists In What You Are And Not In
What You Have – Thomas Edison</span></div>
</div>
Dr. Niyati Garghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00257175176585877240noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4194774821142705626.post-25442964718927971212014-03-02T16:09:00.002+05:302014-03-02T16:09:56.611+05:30GREAT WORDS BY SOME GREAT PEOPLE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Small Opportunities Are Often The Beginning Of
Great Enterprises – Demosthenes</i></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></div>
</div>
Dr. Niyati Garghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00257175176585877240noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4194774821142705626.post-64648680541103260372014-02-28T11:04:00.003+05:302014-02-28T11:04:57.607+05:30GREAT WORDS BY SOME GREAT PEOPLE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><u><b><br /></b></u></span>
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><u><b><br /></b></u></span>
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><u><b>Your
Worth Consists In What You Are And Not In What You Have – Thomas Edison</b></u></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><u><b><br /></b></u></span>
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><u><b><br /></b></u></span></div>
</div>
Dr. Niyati Garghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00257175176585877240noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4194774821142705626.post-27867334013530509412014-02-26T15:58:00.001+05:302014-02-26T15:58:32.633+05:30GREAT WORDS BY SOME GREAT PEOPLE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #b45f06; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #b45f06; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #b45f06; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">We Must Not Say Every Mistake Is A Foolish One –
Cicero</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #b45f06; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #b45f06; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #b45f06; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
Dr. Niyati Garghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00257175176585877240noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4194774821142705626.post-58387666978010743242014-02-17T09:57:00.004+05:302014-02-17T09:57:58.215+05:30GREAT WORDS BY SOME GREAT PEOPLE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red;"><b><span style="font-family: "CatholicSchoolGirls Intl BB"; font-size: 19.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">If You Command Wisely, You’ll Be
Obeyed Cheerfully </span><span style="font-family: "Brush Script MT"; font-size: 19.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">– </span></b><b style="font-family: 'CatholicSchoolGirls Intl BB'; font-size: 19pt;">Thomas Fuller</b></span></div>
</div>
Dr. Niyati Garghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00257175176585877240noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4194774821142705626.post-21651844572092045572014-02-15T13:13:00.000+05:302014-02-15T13:13:06.364+05:30GREAT WORDS BY SOME GREAT PEOPLE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: purple; font-family: "CatholicSchoolGirls Intl BB"; font-size: 19.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: purple; font-family: "CatholicSchoolGirls Intl BB"; font-size: 19.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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Dr. Niyati Garghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00257175176585877240noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4194774821142705626.post-67841583013477038772014-01-04T13:01:00.000+05:302018-03-18T14:37:38.716+05:30CAREER IN HORTICULTURE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">INTRODUCTION <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The term “horticulture” comprises the
cultivation of fruits and vegetables, ornamental flowers, medicinal and
aromatic plants and their post-harvest management. Our world will die without
plants, and horticulturists are the protectors. He or she knows how to
cultivate plants, fruits, vegetables, flowers in public or domestic gardens.
Horticulture is one of the main branches of agricultural sciences. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">A</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">griculture holds the key position in Indian
economy. After China, India ranks among the largest producers and leading
exporters of flowers, fruits and vegetables in the world and has an immense
scope for improvement in the forth-coming years. </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">India leads the world in the production of mango, banana, sapota, acid
lime and cauliflower while the highest productivity of grape is also recorded
here. India occupies second position in production of onion and third in
cabbage production globally. Fruits such as mango, banana, citrus, guava
and apple account for 75 per cent of the total fruit production in the country.
India produces about 70 different varieties of various vegetables.</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">After globalization, India has achieved a massive prospective as an
importer and exporter of agricultural merchandise in the world market.
Horticulture has become an answer for the economic development of various
states in our country. It contributes nearly 30.4 percent to GDP of
agriculture, which calls for technology-led progress.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">With the advent of commercialization in horticulture, there are diverse prospects
for salaried jobs in government, semi- government as well as private
enterprises. Whilst remunerated occupation with various government and private
concerns provides a regular income and entrepreneurship can generate handsome
profits in this stream. In due course, horticulture has emerged out to be a
matter of choice for many aspirants worldwide.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Horticulture is an applied science dealing with fruits, vegetables, and
ornamentals. It is an extremely diversified field with nearly unlimited career
opportunities in a variety of job settings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">NATURE OF WORK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The work of
horticulturists is very varied. Horticulturists working in government sector
are responsible for the maintenance of parks, public gardens, official lawns
etc. Horticulturists work in turf grass maintenance or even as consultants for
large turf land. They work in botanical gardens and supervise the complete
operation. They decide what, when and where to plant and determine ideal
methods for planting and preservation. Landscape development is yet another
area of work for horticulturists. Horticulturists specialize in the cultivation
of vegetables, even of special hybrid varieties.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Specialisation</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> - Some horticulturists
specialize in the cultivation of flowers and develop new varieties. Many specialize
in decorative plant cultivation, in the production of saplings of flower and
fruit trees, orchards of apples, oranges, vineyards and large scale plantations
of tea, coffee, cashew etc. Detailed here are the jobs of specialists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">CONDITION OF WORK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Horticulturists may work
in green houses, outdoors, in shops, nurseries or golf courses or even in
public gardens hence the work environment may vary. In any case they need to
handle soil, fertilizers and tools and equipments. Researchers work in laboratories.
The job requires considerable physical exercises and also moving from one place
to another.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">HOUR OF WORK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hour of works depends upon the project and season.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Applicants should have passed 10+2 (Senior Secondary Examination) with
Physics, Chemistry and Agriculture/Biology as their subject. Candidates
qualifying the written examination of Pre Agricultural Test (PAT) are
considered eligible for admission to UG degree programme in State Agricultural
Universities in Agriculture/Horticulture. Learners who have completed their
graduation course in horticulture have many careers prospective. More recently
the students aspiring higher studies in horticulture can take up their degree
as specialization in Floriculture, Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Spices
& Plantation crops, Pomology, Olericulture and Post Harvest Technology. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">PERSONAL QUALITIES REQUIRED<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Interest in nature,
concern for the environment, love for plant life are perhaps the basic
requirements for success as a horticulturist. The job needs a scientific bent
of mind, keen observation and tremendous patience. Physical work, planning and
working in difficult weather is required hence endurance to work in difficult
conditions is required.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">EARNING<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The salary varies - a fresher in a
government set-up can draw a cheque of Rs. 15,000 to 20,000 per month. An MSc,
PhD in Horticulture will get much more.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">MODE OF ENTRY<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Advertisements in leading newspaper, and direct interview.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">TYPICAL PLACE FOR EMPLOYMENT / SELF
EMPLOYMENT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The job opportunities are accessible for the students within the country
and even abroad. After graduation the student becomes eligible to be
appropriate for employment offered by banks, finance sectors, seed companies,
sales and marketing etc. The nationalized banks, Reserve Bank, State Bank etc
put forward an opportunity for post graduates in agriculture and horticulture
as Agricultural Officers, Probationary Officers, Field Officers and Rural
Development Officers. Different agricultural universities also employ horticultural
postgraduates for distinct posts from concerned field of their specialization.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">However, for a number of posts, experience in concerned field is
required and for the post of Associate Professor, Assistant Professor and other
teaching posts, candidates should qualify National Eligibility Test (NET)
conducted by UGC/CSIR/ICAR. While for senior level posts Doctoral degree i.e.
PhD in concerned field is an essential requisite. For students availing M.Sc
Agriculture (Horticulture) and PhD (Horticulture) degree the following jobs are
available in public sector: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Scientists and Technicians in Indian Council
of Agricultural Research, Department of Science and Technology (DST),
Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSlR), Agricultural and Processed Food Export Development
Authority (APEDA), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Indian Space
Research Organization (ISRO), Defense Research Development Organization
(DRDO), National Seed Corporation (NSC), Ministry of Agriculture &
Co-operation, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (both Government of
India) etc.,<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Assistant Professor, Associate Professor etc.
in various State Agricultural Universities and Agricultural Colleges, <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Assistant Director Horticulture in State Government,<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">District Horticulture Officer through the
State Public Service Commission, <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Horticultural experts/ Tele farm experts in
IFFCO, <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Horticulture Inspector / Fruit & Vegetable
Inspector / Marketing Inspector,<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Civil Service through the Union Public Service
Commission,<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Research Associates and Senior Research
Fellows,<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rural Horticulture Extension Officer,<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Section Officer (Horticulture / Landscaping),
Horticulturist or Supervisor (Horticulture),<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Senior Horticulture Development Officer,<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Subject Matter Specialists in Krishi Vigyan
Kendra's (KVK),<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Technical Assistant/Technical Officers in
different State Agricultural Universities,<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Various technical posts in Krishi Vigyan
Kendra's (KVK) <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Apart from these, various private seed companies, fertilizers and
pesticide companies engage agricultural/horticultural students in their firms.
Even in big hotels and restaurants there is often high demand of
horticulturists especially landscapers and gardeners to beautify the
surroundings. Florists and nurseries appoint horticulturists for their
lucrative business principally in the metropolitans. In addition, at the
international level, the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United
Nation and some other agencies also appoints horticultural consultants.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Self employment in Horticulture:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">As Horticulture Consultant provide advice,
design, evaluation, supervision of garden or orchard etc.,<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">One can start the Agriculture clinic.
Government provides money (up to 10.00 Lac) for this work,<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Raise commercial nursery of fruit plants,
flower and ornamental plants, <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Seed producer of vegetables and flower crops, <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fruit/ Vegetable / Flower grower,<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Floral decorator/ florist shop, <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Horticulture Services Contractor,<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mushroom grower, <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Seed dealer / Merchant,<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Proprietor cold storage,<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Processing work of Horticulture production and<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">One can start establishing of an institute for
vocational education (Horticulture/ Landscape)<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ADVANCEMENT AND PROMOTIONS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">One can start his/her career as junior and gradually promote to senior
post on the basis of his work.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTES <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">For an aspirant there is an immense scope for hopeful quality education
in various state agricultural universities. The undergraduate, post graduation
and doctoral degree programmes in horticulture are offered by the Institutes of
Indian Council of Agricultural Research and in almost all State Agricultural
Universities in India. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A.P.
Horticultural University, Tadepalligudem, Andhra Pradesh <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Acharya
NG Ranga Agricultural Univ., Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">University
of Horticultural Sciences, Venkataramnagudem, West Godavari, Andhra
Pradesh <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rajendra
Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Indira
Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Krishak Nagar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Indian
Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa,
New Delhi <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Navsari
Agricultural University, Vijalpore, Navsari, Gujarat<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Anand Agricultural
University, Anand Junagadh Agriculture University, Gujarat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Moti Baug, Agril. Campus, Junagadh, Gujarat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Chaudhary
Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar, Haryana<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dr.
Y.S.P. University of Horticulture &
Forestry, Himachal Pradesh<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Chaudhary
Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya,
Himachal Pradesh <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sher-E-Kashmir
Univ. of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu and Kashmir<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Birsa
Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi- 834006, Jharkhand <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">University
of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">University
of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kerala
Agricultural University, P.O Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rajmata
VRS Agricultural University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jawaharlal
Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Krishi Nagar, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mahatma
Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Maharashtra <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Marathwada
Agri. University, Parbhani, Maharashtra<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dr.
Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi, Krishi Nagar, Akola, Maharashtra<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dr.
Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Assam
Agricultural University, Jorhat <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Central
agriculture University,
Imphal
<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Punjab
Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rajasthan
Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Maharana
Pratap Univ. of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tamil
Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sardar
Vallabh Bhai Patel Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Modipuram, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Narendra
Dev University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Chandra
Shekar Azad Univ. of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Allahabad
Agricultural Institute, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Govind
Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bidhan
Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, P.O Krishi, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(The list is
indicative only)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">SOURCE OF INFORMATION <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Employment
news paper<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://www.shiksha.com/getArticleDetail/391/Horticulture-Nature-Of-Work-Employment-Avenues">http://www.shiksha.com/getArticleDetail/391/Horticulture-Nature-Of-Work-Employment-Avenues</a></span></span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: times new roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: times new roman, serif;"><b>RELATED PPT</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: times new roman, serif;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=1tddQkT95XHkXwbO838qgiXYMiBth6hNh">CAREER IN HORTICULTURE</a></span></div>
</div>
Dr. Niyati Garghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00257175176585877240noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4194774821142705626.post-23959246727158098202014-01-03T10:28:00.000+05:302018-03-18T14:39:56.566+05:30CAREER AS COMPANY SECRETARY<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">INTRODUCTION
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The post of a <strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Company Secretary</span></strong>
is considered a respectable one in the hierarchy & this is one of the most
important posts a person handles. This is because, in this position, one acts
as the mediator between the company & its Board of Directors, government,
shareholders & regulatory authorities. The job of a company secretary is to
ensure that the Board procedures are strictly followed & regularly revised.
Company Secretary is the conscience seeker of a company. He or she guides the
Chairman & the Directors on how to make the best use of their
responsibilities under various laws. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">A Company
Secretary has been recognized by various enactments as one of the principal
officers of the company. The knowledge and training acquired by him makes him
versatile to carry out various functions in finance, accounts, legal
administration and personnel areas in addition to his own secretary’s duties
and responsibilities. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The Company Secretaries (C.S.) have emerged as indispensable
adjunctments, to the Indian Corporate Sector due to their thorough knowledge
base in areas such as corporate laws, capital market operations, stock exchange
and trading etc. They have contributed significantly to the growth of Indian
Corporate Sector by rendering effective secretarial, legal and management
assistance to the small, medium sized companies and other business
establishments.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NATURE
OF WORK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Company
Secretary has been recognized by various enactments as the Principal Officer of
the company. He not only meets the legal requirements and ensures statutory
compliances by the company but also by virtue of his integrated knowledge of
multiple disciplines of law, management, finance and corporate governance,
facts as an interdisciplinary corporate manager and inhouse legal counsel for
giving advice and guidance to the company on legal aspects of business, which
basically concern areas such as production, sales, marketing and
administration.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">His role starts from the very moments
where the idea of formation of a company is conceived. However, his
responsibilities may vary from company to company. A Company Secretary’s work
involves mainly the following: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">I.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">To act as an agent of the
Management, policy forming and exercising of powers of the company visits with
the Directors. The Secretary is the medium to carry out the instructions and
order of the Board. He represents the Board to the share holders, staff and
outsiders in their dealing with the company. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">II.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">To act as a registrar for
the company looking after the secretarial functions. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">III.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">To act as a Chief Executive, assuming full responsibilities and
control of the company’s operation.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A Company Secretary’s service is very much important
for a company’s management. The work of a company secretary covers a wide variety
of functions, he acts as a vital link between the Company, the Board of
Directors, shareholders & governmental & regulatory agencies. He is a
compliance officer of the company as well as Corporate Planner & Strategic
Manager. Apart from carrying out these functions he also looks after finance,
accounts, legal, personnel & administrative functions. Company Secretary is
required to handle matters related to central/state sales tax, excise laws,
labour laws & corporate law.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Their other responsibilities include incorporation,
managing public issues, act as internal legal advisor & representative,
process inter-corporate loans & investments, maintain company’s records,
take care of company’s tax planning, tax management, tax returns, explore
expansion opportunities, arrange collaborations, amalgamations, joint ventures
within & outside India etc. They are required to understand relevant
aspects of law, update themselves with the changes to ensure proper compliance
of legislations. The job also involves arranging company meetings, collecting
& compiling information & recording the decisions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">CONDITIONS OF WORK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">It is essentially an office-based job, combining a vast amount of
documentation with a good deal of discussion in committees and meetings. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The work of a secretary is basically of an assistant. He/She manages
all office work, receive phone calls, takes messages and carries out the bosses
instructions. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">HOURS OF WORK <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: .25in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">An average day
normally entails working from 9am to 5pm, with minimal breaks in between. Most
work is done in ones assigned office.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: .25in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: .25in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">HEALTH
AND/OR ACCIDENT HAZARDS, IF ANY<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: .25in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Working on
computer and/or sitting for long time can raise physical problems<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: .25in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: .25in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">EARNINGS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A budding & meritorious Company Secretary can
hope to start his career with a monthly remuneration of Rs. 20,000 - Rs.25,000.
However, for an ordinary candidate, a monthly salary of Rs. 10, 000 is almost
guaranteed<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS &
TRAINING<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Company
Secretary is a professional course administered by The Institute of Company Secretaries
of India (ICSI) under the Company Secretaries Act, 1980 to develop &
regulate the profession of Company Secretaries in India.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Candidates
who have passed senior secondary (10+2) from any stream can apply for the
foundation course. Graduates, post-graduates (excluding fine arts) & who
passed final exam of ICWAI or ICAI or of any other accountancy Institution in
India or abroad recognized by the Council of the Institute can directly enroll
to the intermediate course without doing foundation course.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">To
become a company secretary, the candidate need to pass the Foundation,
Intermediate, & Final course conducted by the institute & further, they
need to undergo practical training to become eligible for the membership as a
Company Secretary.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Registration
for each examination should be done at least nine months before the month in
which the examination is held.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES REQUIRED <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">In
essence, excellent command over English, both written & oral is important
for a company secretary. At the same time ability to understand, analyze
complex & technical issues & exercise accordingly with tact &
intelligence are other essentials. It is the moral responsibility of the
company secretary to be loyal to his organization on knowing their top level
plans & important secrets<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;">Bearing a moral character is
important. Diplomacy should be followed in understanding the company strategies
& policies of the company. Intellectual, Loyal, sophisticated, loyal &
meticulous individuals become successful company secretary. <o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;">High level
organizational skills, Flair for Administration, Integrity and sound judgment
with the ability to act with the authority for the good of the company, Good
Communication skills, Understanding of figures and Information Technology are
also essential.<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">METHODS OF ENTERING THE JOB</span></b></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Through Campus placement or
off campus placement <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Advertisements in different
newspapers and job search sites<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">TYPICAL
PLACES OF EMPLOYMENT/SELF EMPLOYMENT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">A freshly qualified candidate is
appointed as a Company Secretary, or Assistant Company Secretary or at an
Administrative position depending upon the size of the Company. Openings are
also available in Public Sector Undertakings, Govt. of India, State Government,
Stock Exchanges, Nationalized Banks etc. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Qualified company secretaries can find well paid positions in the
private sector and public corporate sector, Banks and financial institutions,
stock exchanges, the Department of company affairs, company law boards and
Government departments. The larger the company and wider its fields of
activity, the better the emoluments earned by the CS. Private consultancy jobs
are a very lucrative option.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">TRAINING
INSTITUTES<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
Institute Of Company Secretaries Of India,<b> </b></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">‘ICSI
HOUSE’ 22, Institutional Area, Lodi Road, New Delhi – 110 003, Ph.
24617321-24, 2464431-32 (STD 011) Fax: 91-11-24626727, E-mail:
info@icsi-india.com. Website: www.icsi.edu <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NORTHERN
INDIA REGIONAL OFFICE OF THE ICSI,<b> </b></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ICSI-NIRC
Building, PlotNo.4, Prasad Nagar Institutional Area, Rajendra Place, New
Delhi- 11 005 Ph: 25763090, 25767190 (STD 011) Fax: 91-11-5772662 E-mail: <a href="mailto:icsinirc@nde,vsnl.net.in">icsinirc@nde,vsnl.net.in</a><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SOURCES OF FURTHER INFORMATION</span></b></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.icbse.com/careers/careers-in-company-secretary">http://www.icbse.com/careers/careers-in-company-secretary</a><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">CIRTES</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span class="MsoHyperlink" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">www.icsi.edu</span></span></li>
</ul>
<br />
RELATED PPT<br />
<br />
<a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=1LCevJX6fqlayhBOtWzNfRlYVXJsLNaij">CAREER AS COMPANY SECRETARY</a><br />
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</div>
Dr. Niyati Garghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00257175176585877240noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4194774821142705626.post-85457117283011535432014-01-02T17:15:00.000+05:302018-03-18T14:55:29.462+05:30CAREER IN CIVIL SERVICES<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">INTRODUCTION <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">A country as vast and thickly populated as India needs a
well organised government machinery for proper governance. There are two facets
to the administration of a country. One is security for which the country has its
defence services and the other is the non-military part, which is taken care of
by the Civil Services. </span><span lang="EN">In
India, the Civil Service is defined as "appointive positions by the
Government in connection with the affairs of the Union and includes a civilian in
a Defence Service, except positions in the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Indian
Armed Forces." The Civil Services of India can be classified into two
types - the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>All India Services<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>and the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Central Civil Services<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(Group A and B).</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Union Public Service Commission conducts this competitive
examination for appointment to the Indian Civil Service. Some of the services
to which appointment is to be made are as follows. </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-IN">All India
Services </span></i></b><span lang="EN-IN">: </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Administrative Service </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Police Service </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Foreign Service </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-IN">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-IN">Central Service
Group A/B </span></i></b><span lang="EN-IN">: </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Post &
Telecommunication Accounts & Finance Service Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Audit & Accounts
Service Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Customs & Central
Excise Service Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Defense Accounts Service
Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Revenue Service Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Civil Accounts Service
Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Postal Service Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Railway Traffic Service
Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Railway Accounts Service
Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Railway Personnel
Service Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Railway Protection Force
Assistant Security Officer Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Defence Estate Service
Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Information Service
(Junior Grade)Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Trade Service Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Central Industrial Security
Force-Assistant Commandant Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Central Bureau of
Investigation-Deputy Superintendent of Police Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Central Secretariat Service
Group B (Selection Officer Grade) </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Railway Board Secretariat
Service Group B (Section Officer Grade) </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Armed Forced Headquarters Civil
Service Group B (Assistant Civilian Staff Officer Grade) </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Customs Appraisers Service
Group B </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Delhi and Andaman & Nicobar
Islands, Lakshdweep Daman & Diu and Dadar & Nagar Haveli Civil Service
Group B </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Pondicherry Civil Services Group B. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The Indian Forest
Service <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The Defence Secretariat
Service <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The Union Territories
Police Service <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The Union Territories
Administrative Service <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN">The term<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>civil
service</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>can refer to either:
a) A branch of governmental service in which individuals are employed on the
basis of professional merit as proven by competitive examinations, or b) the
body of employees in any government agency other than the military. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN">The recruits are university graduates (or
above) selected through a rigorous system of examinations, called the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Services_Examination" title="Civil Services Examination">Civil Services Examination</a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(CSE) and its technical counterpart
known as the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_Services_Examination" title="Engineering Services Examination">Engineering Services Examination</a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(ESE) both conducted by the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Public_Service_Commission" title="Union Public Service Commission">Union Public Service Commission</a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(UPSC). The entry into the State Civil
Services is through a competitive examination conducted by every state public
service commission. Senior positions in civil service are listed and named in
the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_order_of_precedence" title="Indian order of precedence">Order of Precedence of India</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Today
the Indian Civil Services have become much more complex & broader. The
importance of the Civil Services in a country like India is great. Since it is
such a vast country with varied features in different parts, India needs an
efficient system of administration & management. This is where the civil
servants come of help. In spite of the many career options available today,
many young people still opt for the Indian Civil Services because it retains an
aura of prestige & a civil servant in India even today earns a lot of
respect in the country.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">NATURE OF WORK<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN">In the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>parliamentary democracy<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>of India, the ultimate responsibility
for running the administration rests with the elected representatives of the
people which are the ministers. But the handful of ministers cannot be expected
to deal personally with the manifold problems of modern administration. Thus
the ministers lay down the policy and it is for the civil servants to carry out
this policy. The<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>executive<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>decisions are implemented by the
Indian civil servants.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Department
wise nature of work is explained below:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Indian Administrative Service</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;">: </span></strong><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;">The IAS
officers are responsible for the management of the various administrative
departments & their respective functions. This includes framing of policies
& acting as advisors to the ministers as well as executing appointed duties
as the officers in charge of the administration of smaller administrative
units. The District Magistrate for instance, is in charge of a district &
has to look after the law & order situation as well as the administration
& the over all development of the area. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<strong>Indian
Police Service: </strong>The Indian Police Service is directly responsible for
maintaining law & order in the state of India. It has the responsibility to
look after the safety of the citizens of the country. The Indian Police Service
has various branches & associated departments like the Border Security
Force, the Department of Home Guards, the Central Bureau of Investigation, the
department of Traffic Control, the Criminal Investigation Department, the
Central Reserve Police Force, the Crime Branch, etc. An IPS officer often
shares his duty with the IAS officer of the same district. </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<strong>Indian
Forest Service: </strong>An officer of the Indian Forest Service takes care of
the vast forest resources of the country helping to conserve it & protect
it from illegal poacher, loggers, grazers & their likes. </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<strong>Indian
Foreign Service: </strong>The Indian Foreign Service is associated with the
countries External & Foreign Affairs Ministry. The officials are
responsible for the framing of foreign policies as well as maintaining &
regulating the Indian embassies in various countries of the world. </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<strong>Indian
Railway Service: </strong>The Indian Railway Service is in charge of the huge
network of railways in India which itself is divided into the Indian Railway
Traffic Services, the Indian Railway Personnel Services, the Indian Railway
Accounts Services & the Railway Police Service. The Railway Police Service
is responsible for maintaining the security of the whole system &
especially the passengers. The Indian Railway Traffic Service deals with the
scheduling of trains & the passengers & the freight carried by these
trains. The Indian Railway Personnel Service is the branch which deals with the
recruitment of the officers & other administrative workers & the Indian
Railway Accounts Services is in charge of looking after the accounts of this
vast system. These are the non technical branches of the Indian Railways. For
the recruitment of technical staff (like the engineers) there is a different
entrance test altogether. </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<strong>Indian
Postal Service: </strong>The Staff of the Indian postal Service look after the
workings of the country's postal network which includes the telegraph service.
Officers start out as Senior Superintendent of Post Offices initially. The
postings can be in any part of the country & also in the central Ministry.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<strong>Indian
Customs & Central Excise Service: </strong>As the very name suggests, this
deals with the custom & excise departments. The former deals with the
levying of taxes on things brought into the country whereas the department of
excise duties deals with the taxation of goods which are produced in the
country. </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<strong>Audit
& Accounts Service</strong>: This service maintains the accounts of all the
states of India. It has various specialised branches such as the Indian Defence
Accounts Service which deals with the expenditure of the Indian Defence
Services. There is also an Indian civil Accounts Service which falls under the
direct administration of the Secretary of the Ministry of Finance. </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<strong>Indian
Information Service: </strong>The Indian Information Service deals with the
transmissions of government media apparatuses like Doordarshan &
Prasarbharati. It falls under the purview of the Ministry of Information &
Broadcasting. </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<strong>Indian
Revenue Service: </strong>The officers of the Indian Revenue Service aid in the
assessment & fixing of the rates of income tax & are also responsible
for collecting the same. There are branches within it dealing with tax crimes
such as evasion of income tax & also those which build up statistics. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">CONDITIONS OF WORK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Most
Civil Servants work in an office environment but this obviously depends upon
which department an individual is employed in. For example, some Civil Servants
will work at airports or at ferry terminals. The large majority of civil
servants manage to work to a nine to five timetable but some roles will demand
longer hours. Flexible working hours are also available subject to departmental
needs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Weekends
are usually kept free and part-time work is often available for those who
desire it. Opportunities to travel overseas are common in some departments and
individuals will be expected to attend regular training courses. The job can be
stressful at times, particularly when deadlines are looming.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">HOURS OF WORK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Office
hours – 10.a.m. to 6.00.p.m.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Crises
hours – no fixed time. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<b><span lang="EN-NZ">EARNINGS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">In the
Civil Service the pay structure is good. There is job security. From the 1<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">st </span></sup>day
of joining service, Civil Servants are entitled to subsidized accommodation,
telephone and transport facilities. The social status enjoyed by a civil Servant
is unparalleled. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
Government of India has fixed salary grades for Civil Servants. Approximately
the range of salaries drawn at various levels is as follows : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Junior Officers: Rs. 8000-275-13500 <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Senior Officers: Rs. 10650-325-15200 <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Junior Administrative Grade:
Rs.12,750-375-16,500 <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Selection Grade: Rs.15,100-400-18,300 <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Additional Secretary : Rs.22400-525-24500 <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Secretary/Cabinet Secretary: Rs.26,000/30,000 <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(The
above scales only provide an idea of the pay scales. Different branches of the
service have different scales of pay.) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">QUALIFICATIONS AND
TRAINING<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nationality:</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> For Indian Administrative Service and the Indian
Police Service a candidate must be a citizen of India. For other services the
candidate must be either (1) a citizen of India or (2) a subject of Nepal or
(3) A subject of Bhutan or (4) a Tibetan Refugee, who came over to India before
1<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">st </span></sup>January
1962 with the intention of permanently settling in India or (5) a person of
Indian origin who has migrated from Pakistan, Burma, Sri Lanka, East African
Countries of Kenya, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Malwai, Zaire,
Ethiopia and Vietnam with the intention of permanently setting in India.
Candidates belonging to categories 2,3 & 4 shall be person in whose favour
a certificate of eligibility has been issued by the Govt. of India. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Age: </span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A candidate must have attended the age of 21 years
and must not have attended the age of 30 years as on 1<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">st </span></sup>August
of the year of the Examination. The upper age limit is relaxable for SC &
ST candidates by 5 years and by 3 years for OBC candidates. The age limit is
also relaxable for certain other categories also i.e. displaced persons,
certain categories of Commissioned Officers of the armed force. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Educational
Qualification</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: A
degree of any of the Universities incorporated by an Act of the Central or
State Legislature. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">METHODS OF ENTERING THE
JOB<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
The
Indian Civil Service Examinations are conducted by & under the supervision
of the <em>Union Public Service Commission</em> which was established in 1950
under the Constitution of India's Article 315. This annually held examination
is highly competitive as thousands of aspirants appear for it every year. The
actual examination is divided into two stages: </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
Preliminary Examination <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
Main Examination <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<strong><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The whole process of selection takes a full calendar
year starting with the preliminary examination and going on to the main written
examination concluding with a personal interview. <o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<strong><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The Preliminary Examination</span></strong><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
is a qualifying examination which is objective in nature. It consists of two
papers: one which tests the general knowledge of the aspirant & the other
which is a test on a subject of the examinee's choice. The optional subjects
include Law, Sociology, Philosophy, Economics, Agriculture, Mechanical Engineering,
Botany, Medical Science, Political Science, Animal Husbandry & Veterinary
Science, Chemistry, Physics, Public Administration, Zoology, Electrical
Engineering, Geology, Indian History, Commerce, Geography, Statistics, etc. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<strong><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The Main Examination</span></strong><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
in its turn is further divided into written & oral parts. The written part
of the test consists of nine papers. These include a paper on English, a paper
on any one Indian Language, a general knowledge paper, an essay & papers on
any two optional subjects chosen by the candidate appearing for the exam. The
optional subjects are the same as those in the preliminary examination.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Once
a civil service aspirant clears these stages he or she then has to appear for
the <strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">interview</span></strong>.
During the interview the candidate will face questions on topics of general
awareness. However, the main objective of the interview is to gauge the
personality of the candidate & adjudge whether he or she is suitable for
the responsibility that the job entails. In board terms this is really an
assessment of not only his intellectual qualities but also social traits and
his interest in current affairs. Some of the qualities to be judged are mental
alertness, critical power of assimilation, clear and logical exposition,
balance of judgement, variety and depth of interest, ability for social
cohesion and leadership, intellectual and moral integrity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lastly,
there is a <strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Medical
Test</span></strong>. This is especially important for the candidates of the
Indian Police Service. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">There
is a somewhat different system of examination for the aspirants of the Indian
Forest Service especially as far as the choice of subjects is concerned. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
selected candidates are assigned to various services based on their over all
ranks in the entrance examinations. All appointed probationary officers undergo
compulsory training. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Number
of Attempts: </span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Every
eligible candidate appearing at the Civil Service examinations shall be
permitted 4 (four) attempts only. This restriction will not apply in case of SC
& ST candidate. For OBC candidates the number of permissible attempts is
limited to 7 (seven). </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Also it is wiser to be
mentally ready for several attempts as cracking the Civil Services Exams is a
tough nut to crack the first time around; and if you do qualify you may want to
attempt again to improve your ranking and therefore your service allotment.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES
REQUIRED <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
skills required to become a successful Civil Servant include:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Smart thinking <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">A
responsible attitude<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Good analytical skills.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Good
organizational skills<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Excellent
communication skills<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
ability to motivate other members of the team<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
ability to manage both resources and a tight budget<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
ability to keep certain information confidential at all times<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
ability to work both as part of a team and on an individual basis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">A
hunger for improving knowledge and reading around different subjects<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
ability to read complex information and summaries it in an easy-to-understand
manner<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ADVANCEMENT /PROMOTIONS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
After
their probationary period & the period of training, all officers are in
charge of the most junior posts. With time & experience one is promoted to
higher positions. This is because the Indian Civil Service operates in a
hierarchical fashion where experience is the key to advancement. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Responsibilities vary with the seniority of the civil
servant. Junior officers begin with probation and move up in the hierarchy. </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">TYPICAL PLACES OF EMPLOYMENT/SELF EMPLOYMENT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Ministry of Finance</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">Ministry of External Affairs</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Ministry of Home Affairs</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_(India)" title="Ministry of Agriculture (India)">Ministry of Agriculture</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Tribal_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Tribal Affairs (India)">Ministry of Tribal Affairs</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Panchayati_Raj_(India)" title="Ministry of Panchayati Raj (India)">Ministry of Panchayati Raj</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Micro,_Small_and_Medium_Enterprises" title="Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises">Ministry of Micro,
Small and Medium Enterprises</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(India)" title="Ministry of Science and Technology (India)">Ministry of Science and
Technology</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Earth_Sciences_(India)" title="Ministry of Earth Sciences (India)">Ministry of Earth Sciences</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Family_Welfare_(India)" title="Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (India)">Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Power_(India)" title="Ministry of Power (India)">Ministry of Power</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Corporate_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Corporate Affairs (India)">Ministry of Corporate Affairs</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_New_and_Renewable_Energy_(India)" title="Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (India)">Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Petroleum_and_Natural_Gas" title="Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas">Ministry of Petroleum and Natural
Gas</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Urban_Development_(India)" title="Ministry of Urban Development (India)">Ministry of Urban Development</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Resource Development</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Information and Broadcasting</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Highways</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Industry</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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and Urban Poverty Alleviation</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Affairs</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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and Empowerment</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Fertilizers</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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of Coal</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Statistics and Programme Implementation</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Development</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Forests</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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of North Eastern Region</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Sports</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Processing Industries</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Water and Sanitation</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Water_Resources_(India)" title="Ministry of Water Resources (India)">Ministry of Water Resources</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Petroleum_and_Natural_Gas" title="Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas">Ministry of Petroleum and Natural
Gas</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SOURCES OF FURTHER
INFORMATION:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">CIRTES<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.upsc.nic.gov.in/">www.upsc.nic.gov.in</a><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.myjobsearch.com/careers/civil-servant.html">http://www.myjobsearch.com/careers/civil-servant.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Services_of_India">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Services_of_India</a><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_service">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_service</a><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
RELATED PPT<br />
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Dr. Niyati Garghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00257175176585877240noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4194774821142705626.post-66446886833660209322014-01-01T18:51:00.003+05:302014-01-01T18:56:25.044+05:30CAREER IN FINE ARTS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">INTRODUCTION<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Fine Arts</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>encompass
subjects such as dancing, design, sculpture, architecture, pottery, interior
design, painting, drama and music. Fine Arts essentially is an art form, which
includes objects mainly created for concept or aesthetic value rather than
utility.</div>
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Presently, conventional art forms are being converted into
profitable sectors for commercial use. Today, opportunities are increasing at a
rapid rate in the fine arts sector. Presently, youth in India is opting for this
field to obtain high remuneration, popularity and prestige.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">The use of art to express ideas or rather sell
'ideas' has long been used because in general, 85% of our thoughts and views
are nurtured by what we 'see'. Therefore, the use of art is definitely a
valuable asset in today's businesses. </span><strong><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Some of its specialized fields are: -</span></strong><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Painting and drawing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Illustration<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dance<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Comics<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Printmaking and imaging<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Photography<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Conceptual Art<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Theatre<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sculpture<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NATURE
OF WORK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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This
work is highly creative & imaginative. The work of fine artists is a work
of self expression while work of applied arts finds commercial application. </div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Most artists choose to keep their talent alive but
alongside take up another career, since there are very few options open where
pure painting and sculpture work is concerned. Artists today wish to use their
skills in other areas such as commercial art, which is relatively more popular.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">CONDITIONS OF WORK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mostly
indoor work if you are a painter. But if you have selected Dance, Photography,
Theatre etc. you have to work mostly outdoor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b>JOB
HAZARDS<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Can feel energetic from
colours or makeup. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Can get injuries while
performing and practice in dance <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">HOURS OF WORK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ;">No fixed hours,<b>
</b></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">may work longer hours to meet deadlines<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-NZ">EARNINGS:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A graduate in fine arts can initially
start earning Rs. 4000 - 9000/- every month and the pay package can be expected
to increase along with experience as well as knowledge. People working in
publishing houses, media houses and advertising agencies are expected to earn
attractive compensation of nearly Rs. 15000 - 75,000/- every month.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">EDUCATIONAL
QUALIFICATIONS & TRAINING<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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There are a large
number of fine arts courses offered at the certificate, diploma and degree
level at a number of institutions. But the basic education required to get
admission in certificate, diploma and degree level courses is 10 + 2
(any stream). </div>
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The eligibility required for Bachelors Degree in Fine Arts is
a higher secondary (10+2) pass. Usually, the course duration for this course is
3-4 years in most of the institutes and universities. Foundation and
specialization course are taught in the first and remaining years respectively.
Some other courses are </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1 year international
program in Visual Arts<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2 year diploma program
in Painting, Textile Design and Photography<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3 year Advanced Diploma
in fashion design<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2 Year Diploma &
1-Year Certificate Course in Computer Graphics<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES
REQUIRED FOR ENTRY OR TO BE SUCCESSFUL<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
Anybody
willing to pursue a career in fine arts needs to have these traits required to
be successful in the field.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Creative, </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Patience, </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Pragmatism, </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Marketing skills
</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Keen observation, </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Imaginative & original. </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Eye hand coordination </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Indomitable will power </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Creative problem solving </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->research and analytical skills </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->An openness to new influences and concepts</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->The ability to learn from criticism and be
objective about your work </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">METHODS OF ENTERING THE
JOB<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Get
admission in course through entrance exam conducted by different universities.
After completion of course either get job in any reputed company or can work
independently. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">TYPICAL PLACES OF EMPLOYMENT/SELF EMPLOYMENT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Art students have a large spectrum of options in
front of them, ranging from working in art studios, advertising companies,
publishing houses, fashion houses etc. A number of artists chose to be
freelance workers; this allows for variety in their projects. Other related
careers are teaching, direction, photography, television, clothing and fashion,
as art directors for magazines, on-line services, software companies,
manufacturers, advertising, promotion and product design.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
Artists and craftsmen at times work as freelancers and make
their living by selling artwork created by them. Mostly in freelancing jobs
acquiring a steady income is not possible. However, people with outstanding
talent at times receive outstanding commissions for their exquisite work.</div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
Within the fine arts field, success prospects depends on an
individual’s interest level, exposure, experience, creativity, market
awareness, motivation and definitely talent. <strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">A fresher can opt for various job openings
like: -</span></strong></div>
</div>
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span>
<br />
<div class="Section2">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Visualizing
professional<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Illustrator<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Art critic<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Artists<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Art professionals<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Design trainer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span></strong>
<br />
<div class="Section3">
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The career opportunities
for the professionals are huge. They can find employment in various areas like:
</span></strong></div>
</div>
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Animation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Advertising companies<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Art studios<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Clothing industry<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dance studios<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Digital media<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fashion houses<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Magazines<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Manufacturers<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">On-Line services<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Print making<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Publishing houses<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sculpture<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Television<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Publishing industry<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Graphic arts<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teaching<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Films and theatre
productions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.75pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Textile industry<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
You
can join creative departments of newspapers in the publishing industry or the
textile industry. Electronic media, films and theatre are other options. The
salary is varied, and also depends on your talent. You can also be an art
historian, art dealer, art therapist or art educator. Unfortunately, few
artists have the luxury of becoming full-time painters or sculptors</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">One
can choose a career either in designing, art studios or the advertisement
industry. Commercial houses, publishing house, can also opt for designing the
non-verbal presentations for television programs involving trade figure
analysis, election results, etc. can also design stamps & letter heads for
government organizations, can also draw & design billboards, cinema slides,
technical catalogues, window slides & the like. He can also work as an art
director in theatre & film productions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
Applied
artists find employment in advertising agencies, interior design & display,
exhibition work, government undertakings, etc.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
Advertising
agencies recruit trainee visualisers who are responsible for the production of
layout for advertising campaign. Creative director conceptualizes the
advertisement. Graphic artists prepare graphics.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">INSTITUTES <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="body" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">College of Arts, Tilak Marg,
New Delhi–110001.</span></div>
<div class="body" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Institute of Fine Arts,
Modinagar, Delhi – 201201.</span></div>
<div class="body" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Jamia Millia Islamia
University, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi–110028</span></div>
<div class="body" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">University of Delhi, Delhi; </span></div>
<div class="body" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Allahabad University, Allahabad
</span></div>
<div class="body" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi.</span></div>
<div class="body" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Nagpur University, Nagpur –
440001</span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gujarat
University, Ahmedabad; <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kurukshetra
University, Kurukshetra; <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">University
of Ajmer, Ajmer; <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="body" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">University of Rajasthan,
Jaipur.</span></div>
<div class="body" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Sir J.J. College of
Architecture, Fort, Mumbai–400001</span></div>
<div class="body" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Sir J.J.
Institute of Applied Art, Mumbai <o:p></o:p></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">University
of Mumbai; Mumbai; <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="body" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Bharati College of Fine Arts,
Pune–411043</span></div>
<div class="body" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Padmashree Dr. D.Y. Patil
College of Applied Arts and Crafts, Pune–411044</span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">University
of Pune, Pune; <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="body" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Goa College of Arts, Panaji,
Goa.</span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Goa
University, Goa; <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="body" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Visva-Bharati,
West Bengal<span lang="EN-IN"> </span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">University
of Calcutta, Kolkata; <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rabindra
Bharati University, Kolkata; <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="body" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Bangalore University,
Bangalore.</span></div>
<div class="body" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Sri Venketeswara University,
Tirupati.</span></div>
<div class="body" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">University of Madras, Chepauk,
Chennai – 600005</span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">University
of Chennai, Chennai; <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="body" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Anna University, Chennai;</span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
College of Fine Arts, Palayam, Thiruvananthapuram,<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
RLV College of Music and Fine Arts, Thripunithura<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="body" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Andhra University, College of
Arts and Commerce, Visakapatanam. </span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Guru
Nanak Dev University, Amritsar; <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Karnataka
University, Dharwad, <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Punjab
University, Chandigarh; <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">SOURCES OF FURTHER
INFORMATION<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">CIRTES<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.educationinfoindia.com/fineartsfaq.htm">http://www.educationinfoindia.com/fineartsfaq.htm</a></span><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.careernextmove.com/career_options/Fine_Arts.php">http://www.careernextmove.com/career_options/Fine_Arts.php</a><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://www.successcds.net/Career/Fine-%20Arts.html">http://www.successcds.net/Career/Fine-%20Arts.html</a></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://www.minglebox.com/courses/arts/fine-arts">http://www.minglebox.com/courses/arts/fine-arts</a></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://www.highereducationinindia.com/career-options/careers-in-fine-arts-41.php">http://www.highereducationinindia.com/career-options/careers-in-fine-arts-41.php</a></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.prospects.ac.uk/options_fine_art.htm">http://www.prospects.ac.uk/options_fine_art.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.educationinfoindia.com/fineartsfaq.htm">http://www.educationinfoindia.com/fineartsfaq.htm</a></span><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
</ul>
<div align="left" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://www.thehindu.com/features/education/careers/for-a-career-in-fine-arts-and-graphics-design/article46193.ece">http://www.thehindu.com/features/education/careers/for-a-career-in-fine-arts-and-graphics-design/article46193.ece</a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Dr. Niyati Garghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00257175176585877240noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4194774821142705626.post-67519652175582000802013-12-31T11:20:00.000+05:302013-12-31T11:20:57.390+05:30CAREERS IN TEACHING<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b>INTRODUCTION</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Teaching is the stimulation, guidance,
direction, facilitation and encouragement for learning. It is an art and a
teacher is an artist. Teachers are always a boon to society. Through
their intelligence, patience and wisdom, they attempt to not only hone the
learner’s intellect and aptitude but also, create a well-rounded personality.
Teaching has an influence in developing ones mind and character and also gives
the satisfaction of having sparked the light of knowledge and dispelled the
clouds of ignorance.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
The teaching refers to a specific cluster of
activities which includes such acts as explaining, demonstrating, questioning and motivating. A
teacher’s responsibility towards a child is probably more than that of the
parents. Good teachers can bring out the best in every student. They are the
ones who make a difference in the lives of their students.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b>NATURE OF
WORK<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
The process of
teaching was carried out
by early human beings and even by animals to teach their young ones for
successful adjustment in the environment. The process has undergone several
changes from informal to formal. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Areas
of specialization include teaching at nursery schools, middle schools, high
schools, colleges, universities, institutes, special schools etc. Each level
calls for a different expertise. If you love to be with children, teaching at
schools would be a good option, but if you want to be with young adults, it is
better to look at the college or university level.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b>Nursery/Primary Schools Teachers:</b> Teachers
play a vital role in the social and intellectual development of children. They
introduce children to numbers, language, science, social studies as well social
interactions. Here games, music, artwork, computers and other tools are used to
teach basic skills.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b>Secondary Schools Teachers:</b> The
secondary school teachers instruct students from 8th to 12th standard. Usually
they deal with one particular subject in which they specialize.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b>Colleges/Universities Teachers:</b> They
give lectures, guidance and help the students in their academic and research
work. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b>Special schools Teachers:</b> They deal
with children having physical and mental handicap and learning disabilities.
The work is emotionally and physically demanding which needs a lot of patience.
They have to work in close association with parents and medical professionals
like speech therapist, physiotherapist etc.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b>Teacher Educators: </b>As a teacher
educator you can work as Asst. Professor, Associate Professor, and as professor
in DIET, SCERT, NCERT and other colleges affiliated to Universities.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b>Distance Teacher : </b>Now a days there are
many open schools and universities, you can choose to work with any of them.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24.0pt;">
Teachers have wide and varied responsibilities including:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 24.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Teaching students of different ages and abilities</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 24.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Preparing lessons and teaching materials</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 24.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Marking and assessing work</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 24.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Organizing displays in the classroom</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 24.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Liaising with<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>non-teaching
staff<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>such as teacher aides and
therapists</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 24.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Discussing student progress with parents and
guardians</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 24.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Working with colleagues and in professional
teams</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 24.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Organizing excursions, school performances and
sporting events</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 24.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Supervising extra curricula activities</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 24.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Attending meetings and professional development
activities.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b>CONDITION OF WORK<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Positives/Negatives<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<strong>+ives:</strong></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Teaching offers an individual the opportunity to
exchange ideas and knowledge Teaching is an enjoyable experience especially if
the classroom is a bubbly lot with proactive students and learners. There are
less chances of getting bored in the profession.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Teaching is considered a very respected profession in
all countries. The time schedules are convenient for an individual.<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">Constant learning and
growing </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">You get plenty of
leave and time off, though some professors work on holidays too </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">Academic freedom to
pursue your ideas of research and teaching</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<strong>-ives:</strong></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Teaching is considered a low paying job when compared
with other corporate jobs.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Pay packages of teachers are very low in a few schools
and colleges and very high in several others. As a result, the standard of
education gets badly affected.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Syllabus rather than subject of interest in India binds
teachers. As a result, the practical methodologies of teaching difficult
subjects such as Maths are ignored. When these subjects are taught
theoretically, the students may not grasp the subject very easily.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b>JOB HAZARDS<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
There
are not many job hazards in this profession, however sometimes chalk dust can
cause allergy and throat infection. If the class strength in more one needs to
talk louder which could lead to vein related diseases.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b>HOUR OF WORK<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Work timings are comfortable and a teacher usually takes
classes between 8 AM and 3 PM. For colleges, the lecturers can choose
their class timings, which again ends maximum by 4 to 5 PM in popular
universities.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b>EARNINGS<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
For instance, a teacher in central school teaching primary
classes gets a starting pay package of Rs. 20,000 to Rs. 25,000 On the other
hand, private schools usually offer a higher package of Rs. 15,000+ depending
on the class, education, and experience of the teacher </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
For teaching in colleges, you will earn about 40,000 and
above depending on your education and experience. However, the selection method
for a lecturer or professor position is stringent and you may need to clear
several entrance exams</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Teachers
of Scientific Organizations like IISC, IISS&T are given extra allowances.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b>EDUCATIONAL
QUALIFICATIONS AND PROFESSIONAL TRAINING<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->I.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Teachers for conventional disciplines at pre-primary, primary/elementary
and secondary level education</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Nursery teachers is 12<sup>th</sup> + NTT</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Primary teacher</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->(a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->12<sup>th</sup> + 2 yr. BTC</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->(b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Graduation +2yr.BTC</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->(c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Graduation + B.Ed</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Trained graduate teachers</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
Graduation (50%) + B.Ed. Or</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
Dual Degree 04 years B.El.Ed/BA B.Ed/B.Sc. B.Ed</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Post Graduate Teachers – Post graduate + B.Ed</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Music Teacher (TGT) – BA Music</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Art Teacher (TGT) – BA Painting </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->II.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Higher Education Level </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
Assistant
Professor </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 81.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Universities and affiliated Colleges is PG (55%) + NET
/SLET</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 81.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Technical Universities and Engineering
IITS/NITS/IISCT/IIS - PG in relevant Subject and GATE score</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 81.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->AIIMS, AFMC & Other Med. Colleges - PG (65%) + Med.
Council of India Exam.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
Associate
Professor - 08 years Experience as
Assistant Professor + Publications </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
Professor
- 05 Years Experience as Associate
Professor </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->III.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Other than these there are institutions like</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Physical Education Colleges (Sports)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->e)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Nursing colleges</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->f)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Institutions of Designing</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->g)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Institutions of Management. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->h)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Library
Science</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->IV.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Armed Forces </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
Education
Havaldar - B.A/B.Sc + B.Ed Or MA/MSC</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.5in;">
Religious Teacher - BA/BSC in any subject + <span style="font-family: "Kruti Dev 010";">LkaLd`r esa e/;ek</span> + <span style="font-family: "Kruti Dev 010";">fgUnh esa Hkw'k.k </span>OR BA/MA - <span style="font-family: "Kruti Dev 010";">LkaLd`r</span> with HINDI in B.A.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
Lecturers - PG + B.Ed</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
Sr. Lecturers - PG
+ NET Ph.D. Desirable </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->V.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Special Teacher </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
School Education - TGT GRAD+ B.Ed (SP.ED)/PGPD</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 135.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -99.0pt;">
Higher education - PG + M.ED (SP.ED) / PGPD, Clearance
of Test conducted by RCT</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->VI.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Teacher Educator</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
PG
+M.Ed./M.Phil/Ph.D.+03 years experience desirable</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->VII.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Distance
Teacher </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
School
Education PG +PGDDE/MA
(DE)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="DA">Higher Education PG + PGDDE/MA (DE)/ M.Phil (DE)/ Ph.D. (DE)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b>AGE LIMIT<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->School Level: 18 - 40 (NTT / PRT / TGT / PGT)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->College Level: 21-
35/No Age Limit (Assistant Professor)</div>
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<br /></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">FUNDING/SCHOLARSHIP<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Usually, you may not be required to take a loan for studying
B.Ed. However, there are education loans of up to Rs. 7.5 lacs per year from
banks such as State Bank of India.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b>MODE OF ENTRY<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
School Education: Written
Test + Interview</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
Higher Education NET
+ Merit from HS to PG</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
Assistant Professor GATE
+ Merit from Graduation + PG</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
MCI
Test + Merit from Graduation + PG</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
Ph.D.
Desirable </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">
<b>PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES REQUIRED <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Patience, </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Confidence</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Enthusiasm</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Organizing capacity</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Enjoying
a challenge</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Coping
well with change</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Being a
good time manager</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Friendly and helpful nature </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Deep passion for the subject </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Passion for exchanging ideas</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Orientation to life long learning</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Having
a good sense of humour</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Being
good at explaining things</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Freedom from prejudices and bias </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Keeping
your cool under pressure</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Love for and an understanding of children</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Good Communication and Interpersonal Skills</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Able to encourage in students the ability to
analyze and think. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Ability
to work in a team as well as using your own initiative</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Being a
people person and enjoy working with a wide range of people</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->To create a liking in young minds even in the
case of most boring subjects. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b>ADVANCEMENT/PROMOTIONS</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->School Teacher through Departmental Examination
can become a Principal/BDO/DEO</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Assistant Professor → Selection Grade →
Associate Professor → Professor → Head of Department</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Joint Director</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Director </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b>TYPICAL PLACE FOR EMPLOYMENT / SELF
EMPLOYMENT<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
List
of Some Schools and Colleges Hiring Academicians in India</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Central Schools, also known as Kendriya Vidyalaya with
CBSE syllabus</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->State Government/Municipality Schools</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Public and Private schools in your area under various
state boards such as ICSE / C.B.S.E</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Universities approved by UGC (University Grants
Commission)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Technical Universities approved by AICTE (All India
Council of Technical Education)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Outsourcing of Knowledge through NET online
teaching</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Coaching Institutes</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Home tuitions</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Write book</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Development audio –visual material</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b>SOME INSTITUTES <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Some of the B.Ed colleges in India include </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->JSS Institute of Education, Bangalore, </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->College of Teacher Education, Agartala; </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Indira Gandhi B.Ed College, Karnataka; </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->A.G. Teachers College, Ahmedabad; </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->National Council of Teacher Education, New
Delhi. </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Besides, there are universities such as IGNOU (Indira Gandhi
National Open University) which have a standard curriculum.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b>SOURCES OF FURTHER INFORMATION:-<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://www.icbse.com/careers/careers-in-teaching"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://www.icbse.com/careers/careers-in-teaching</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://www.jagranjosh.com/careers/teaching-1284024404-1"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://www.jagranjosh.com/careers/teaching-1284024404-1</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://education.qld.gov.au/hr/recruitment/teaching/qualities-good-teacher.html"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://education.qld.gov.au/hr/recruitment/teaching/qualities-good-teacher.html</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/hteducation/greatcareers/guiding-light/article1-1123220.aspx"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://www.hindustantimes.com/hteducation/greatcareers/guiding-light/article1-1123220.aspx</span></a>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://www.employmentnews.gov.in/career_details-career-in-teaching-233.asp"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://www.employmentnews.gov.in/career_details-career-in-teaching-233.asp</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Dr. Niyati Garghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00257175176585877240noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4194774821142705626.post-35435111483781450862013-12-28T16:27:00.000+05:302013-12-28T16:29:08.535+05:30CAREER IN SPORTS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>INTRODUCTION <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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In the evolution of man from hunters to the
modern day, activities such as running, throwing or even warding off physical
dangers have come to reflect today in the sports that we play.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Sports helps in
creating a holistic personality, healthy and stable body functions, maintaining
hormone levels and higher immunity levels, besides managing stress and
depression. </div>
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Sport is an exciting and healthy pastime to many, but if sport is really
ones passion it can be a very rewarding and satisfying career too.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Sports careers
include professional sports participation, training as well as the
establishment and running of facilities providing sports services. The
popularity and importance of sports are remarkably growing in recent years. With
greater cash inflow, those with potential and talent can now consider taking up
sports as a career.</div>
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There are successful players like Sachin
Tendulkar (cricket), Abhinav Bindra (shooting), RVS Rathore, Sushil Kumar, Mary
Kom (boxing), Viswanathan Anand (chess), Pankaj Advani (Snooker and
Billiards), Shikha Tandon and Rehan Poncha (Swimming), saina nehwal, Anup
Sridhar (Badminton) and Mahesh bhupati, sania mirza, Rohan Bopanna (Tennis),
Gagan AP (Swimming), and many others
who have raised the profile of sports people in India and have attracted youth
to take up their respective games as a full time passion.<o:p></o:p></div>
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If one has to look at the growth and
development of sport in India, 1982 was a water shed year. The Asian Games
hosted at Delhi provided new infrastructure like modern stadia and holistic and
fulsome training and coaching structure with the onset of Sports Authority of
India. Media covered the Games in a big way and television beamed matches live
to homes. All these aspects were replicated at a much higher scale and
magnitude during the Common Wealth Games in 2010 providing spurt to sport on
the whole in the country.<o:p></o:p></div>
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In recent times,
various career opportunities in sports have opened up for interested
youngsters. There are different graduate and postgraduate programmes for those
wanting to build a career in sports.</div>
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Besides playing at
State, national and international levels, a sportsperson can work as a
coach/fitness instructor, umpire/referee or sports commentator. A career in sports journalism and
photography is also much sought after these days. Individual sportspersons have
become consultants in space.</div>
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If you have interest in sports and are not
able to become a player then don’t get dishearten. Apart from being a sports
person and playing for country there are some other ways also to connect with
the sports industry<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Coaching / Training</b>:
Coaching is a well respected and a much needed profession. Coaching at the top
level, national and international, usually requires a lot of experience. For
one the educational institutes, schools and colleges employ physical trainers
who are usually referred to as PGTs and TGTs. Parents nowadays are preferring
schools that offer a lot of physical activities like yoga, swimming, horse
riding, etc. other than regular games and sports. All these activities require
trained coaches and trainers. Other than that a large number of trainers are
employed by fitness centres and institutes. Also there is a growing demand for
skilled trainers to work on personal basis as well.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Umpiring / Refereeing: </b>Games and sports are rule specific and need a judge to oversee that the
game runs in its true laws and spirit. Other than having solid judgment for the
game, a referee needs to be physically and mentally fit as well. He or she
needs to be in control of the game and while being strict also has to show
reserves of calm and patience. State
and national sports organizations employ umpires and referees. They also work
as freelancers, having a full time job and working in their spare time as
referees.</div>
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<b>Sports medicine: </b>It
is one aspect where there is acute shortage of trained personnel. Doctors,
physiotherapists, dieticians, nutritionists, etc. are very much required to
build, maintain and monitor optimum physical fitness. During the course of play
also physios are needed to treat minor injuries, sprains etc. Doctors are also
needed to train athletes on list of banned substances and to educate them on
avoiding illegal drugs intake. Sometimes even common medicines may interfere
with blood samples hence a sportsperson has to be well educated on what to take
and what to avoid according to the WADA (<em><span style="background: white; font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">World Anti-Doping Agency) </span></em>guidelines.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b>Sports media: </b>Media
has grown manifold in sports and even its role and functions have grown with
time. Media is a fast growing industry in India and huge spurt in number of
newspapers and television channels have only grown the need for trained media
persons.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Sports Journalism: </b>Most
of the newspapers and TV channels have strong sports team nowadays. Normal
strength of a sports desk is around 10 people that include sports editor,
correspondents on various beats, sub-editors, anchors, page designers etc. Usually
the entry into sports journalism is as a trainee reporter or trainee sub-editor
and one moves up from there. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Sports Photo Journalist: </b>Action photographs are lifeline for a sports story and brilliant
photographers are worth their weight in gold in media houses. They try to tell
the story in pictures and other than being at their creative best, they also
need to be at the right place in the right time. With the advent of TV and
sports channels, sports camerapersons are in huge demand. They cover for news
bulletins and programs and also are required for live coverage. Once again live
coverage is a very responsible job and requires great experience and expertise.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Sports PR Professionals: </b>A number of Public Relations agencies have sprung up in the field of
sports which require PR professionals with a passion for sports. Sports
federations need PR managers, event organizers need PR managers and even
sportspersons themselves need PR experts to guide them in the media field.
Events like IPL and F1 have opened doors for a huge number of PR managers who
work exclusively for sports.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Sports Administrators and Managers: </b>Able sports administrators are required for maintaining and running
sport federations and organizations. As sport becomes increasingly
professional, the requirement for trained managers and administrators is only
bound to increase. Right now job opportunities exist in both public and private
sector.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>EARNING <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<span style="background: white;">The remuneration of sportspersons totally depends on
the sporting activity chosen. In this vigorous and spirited field, what matters
is not merely the number of years of experience in the field, but also the
capability of the sportsperson to deliver excellent performance consistently.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING FACILITIES<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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A number of
government colleges also run full time courses in physical education right up
to the doctorate level. A basic structure of sports education in India may
look like as under:<br />
(i) NIS Diploma<br />
(ii) Bachelor in Physical Education (B P ED)<br />
(iii) Masters in Physical Education (M P Ed)<br />
(iv) M Phil Physical Education<br />
(v) Doctorate in Physical Education<o:p></o:p></div>
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Several
Institutions offer various Diploma/Degree/Post-Graduate degree level courses in
the field of sports. Some of the important Institutions and courses offered by
them are as follows:</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<u><span lang="EN-IN">Indira Gandhi Institute of Physical Education
and Sports Sciences, Block ‘B’, Vikaspuri, New Delhi.<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.8%;" width="21%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Name of Courses </span><span lang="EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 12.22%;" width="12%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Duration </span><span lang="EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.36%;" width="47%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Eligibility</span><span lang="EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 18.62%;" width="18%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Age</span><span lang="EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.8%;" width="21%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">B.Sc. in <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Physical <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Education, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">Health <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Education and <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Sports <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<span lang="EN-IN">3 years <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<span lang="EN-IN">Passed 10+2 in Second Division from CBSE, New Delhi or Certificate in
Physical Education of at least one year duration with a total of 12 years of
School Education <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 18.62%;" width="18%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">17-20 years up to 22 years for National players. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 21.8%;" width="21%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Post- <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Graduate <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Diploma in <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Physical <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Education <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 12.22%;" width="12%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">1 year <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.36%;" width="47%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">B.Sc. Physical Education. Sports Sc. or B.A. (Hons.), B.Sc.
(Hons.)/B.Com. (P), B.A. (Pass), B.Sc. (Gen.) from any University Recognized
by the University of Delhi with 45% marks & who has participated in Inter
Unit Tournament/I<sup>st</sup> or Second Position in Inter-College
Tournament/Senior National Sports events recognized by IOA. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 18.62%;" width="18%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Maximum age 20 years Relaxation of age Maximum 1 year. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<u><span lang="EN-IN">Netaji
Subhash National Institute of Sports<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.12%;" width="47%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Name of Courses </span><span lang="EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 12.46%;" width="12%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Duration </span><span lang="EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.82%;" width="26%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Eligibility </span><span lang="EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 13.6%;" width="13%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Age </span><span lang="EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.12%;" width="47%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Master Degree Course in Sports Coaching<b> </b></span><span lang="EN-IN">(in Athletic, Basketball, Football, Gymnastics,
Hockey, Swimming, Volleyball, Wrestling & Weightlifting ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Only at the SAI NSNIS, Patiala </span><span lang="EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<span lang="EN-IN">2 years <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<span lang="EN-IN">Graduate with NIS Diploma (I/II) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Five years Coaching experience. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 13.6%;" width="13%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Below 45 years. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.12%;" width="47%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Diploma Course in Sports Coaching </span><span lang="EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">(a) At SAI NS Southern Centre,
Bangalore (Athletics, Hockey, Kho-Kho, Softball, Swimming, Taekwondo,
Tennis, Kabaddi, & Volleyball) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">(b) At SAI NSNIS, Patiala (Athletics,
Badminton, Basketball, Boxing, Cycling, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Cricket, Football, Fencing, Gymnastics, Handball, Hockey, Judo,
Squash, Swimming, Tennis, Table <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Tennis, Volleyball, Weightlifting, Wrestling & Wushu ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">(c) At the SAI NS Eastern
Centre, Kolkata (Archery, Athletics, Canoeing, Kayaking, Rowing,
Sepaktakraw, Football.) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">(d) At the SAI NS Western
Centre, Gandhi Nagar (Cricket, Handball, Kabaddi, Kho-Kho.) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 12.46%;" width="12%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">1 year <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.82%;" width="26%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Degree from any recognized <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">University with proficiency in Sports. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">OR <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Matriculates with participation in <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Senior Nationals, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Inter Services, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">All India Police Games, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">All India Railways and <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">All India Steel Board meet and <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">National Sports Festival <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">for Women <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">for at least three years. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 13.6%;" width="13%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Between <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">23-35 years <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">for male and <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">21-35 years <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">for female candidates <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">(up to 38 years in the case of SC/ST). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
*For further details please see
latest Notification/Prospectus of concern Institute.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<u>National institute of sports <o:p></o:p></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->M.Sc. (sports coaching) (Affiliated With<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Punjabi<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>University<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Patiala) </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://www.nsnis.org/dsm.htm" target="_self">Post Graduate Diploma In
Sports Medicine</a> (Affiliated With<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Baba<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Farid<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>University<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Of Health Sciences Faridkot And
Recognized By Mci)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://www.nsnis.org/diploma.htm" target="_self">Diploma In Sports
Coaching</a> (At Sai Centre -<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Patiala,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Bangalore,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Kolkotta And Thiruvananthapuram)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://www.nsnis.org/certificate.htm">Six Week Certificate Courses In
Sports Coaching</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://www.nsnis.org/CDP.htm">Coach Development Programme</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Ioc
Solidarity Courses In Sport</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Advance
Courses For In Service Coaches</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Refresher
Course In Sports Coaching</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Sports
Massage Course</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Ground
Management Course (For Ground Men)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b>EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
Sportspersons can
avail of the sports quota to acquire a job, although it is limited to
admissions in the clerical grade, in various Government and Private Concerns.
Among the organizations having sports quota are the Central Industrial Security
Force (CISF), Border Security Force (BSF), the Railways, Income Tax Department,
Customs and Central Excise Department, Post and Telecommunications Department,
Police Department, the Army and some banks. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
Others organizations
like State Bank of India and Indian Airlines have built up national-level teams
by offering security of jobs, generous travel benefits, promotions and leave
packages to top players in various disciplines. Private companies too are in
the fray: while Mahindra & Mahindra patronizes Hockey, and JCT Football.
Both organizations provide employment to all their team players.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">On retiring from active
play, sportspersons can also look forward to satisfying assignments as Umpires
and Referees. For this, appointments or certification by recognized state or
national bodies is required. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Those with communicating skill can take up sports journalism, work with
television, newspapers or magazines that have a sports column or programme.
They can also get on to state and national bodies in the field of
administration. Sports goods manufacturers often require sportspersons for
marketing, or developing sports goods. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Trained coaches are in
demand at all training Centres set up by SAI and by state and central sports
bodies. Coaches can find opening in sports clubs, schools and colleges and
in-house coaches for corporate sports teams. Physical education instructors
train and coach students in games and athletics. With the growing interest in
health and fitness, there is an increasing demand for trained physical
education instructors at health clubs and gymnasiums. Clubs, holiday and sports
resorts and hotels take on PE/sports coaches for training their clientele as
well as for organizing and maintaining the sports facilities provided. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b>METHOD OF ENTRY <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
One of the better options to look for
training is the various facilities of the Sports Authority of India. Usually
the entry is at the 12th level. One can begin career at the amateur level and
start participating in the State level, regional level and finally graduate to
the National level. While SAI is at the National level, it has various State
level branches that cater to the regional sport talents. Other than this there
are various State level organizations that look after nurturing sporting
talents. In most cases, the government bears the cost of training and in
bringing in top level coaches.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b>SELF-EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
There are vast
self-employment opportunities for persons possessing Degree/Post-graduate,
Diploma courses in Physical Education. They may also open sports goods shops.
They may start coaching classes in various fields e.g. Judo, Swimming, Keep fit
Classes. Good and reputed sportsman may find suitable job opportunities in
Health Clubs of Hotels on contract basis. Various programs are produced by
various agencies. Sports events are shown on T.V. They can also earn by writing
articles on sports in various magazines and newspapers. Many advertising
agencies viz. Cibaca, Proctle & Gamble, Pepsi, Coke, Cola, OCM, Reliance,
Airtel, Bata, and Action Shoes etc. take national and international level
sportsmen for the advertisement of their product on contract basis. They are
showing health aspects of sportsman of their products through advertisement.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b>SKILLS REQUIRED<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Intrinsic talent is the basic
requirement for entry into a sporting career. Some other skills are:<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN">Self Discipline <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN">Self confidence, <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN">Competitive spirit<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN">leadership Quality<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN">Organizing ability<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none;"><span style="background: white;">a liking for the sport</span><span lang="EN-IN"> <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none;"><span style="background: white;">energy and enthusiasm </span><span lang="EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN">Dedication and preservation<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none;"><span style="background: white;">good communication and business skills</span><span lang="EN-IN"> <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none;"><span style="background: white;">patience, perseverance and sporting spirit</span><span lang="EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN">High level of mental and physical stamina<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none;"><span style="background: white;">commitment to the sport and to the profession </span><span lang="EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none;">Passionate about sport, <span lang="EN-IN">Keen Interest
in sports and games<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN">Resistance and will-power to corporate with injuries and setbacks</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="background: white;"> </span><span lang="EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b>INSTITUTE <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
Sports Authority
of India (SAI) was established in 1984 to promote sports consciousness and
competitive activities in collaboration with National Sports
Federations/Association and other allied bodies. In order to evolve an
integrated approach towards development and promotion of sports, Sports
Authority of India and Society for National Institutions of Physical Education
and Sports were amalgamated in May 1987, thus making Sports Authority of India
the model agency in the country for sports. <span lang="EN-IN">The details of each centre are as under:</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 39.62%;" width="39%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN">Name Of Centres </span></b><span lang="EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.38%;" width="60%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN">Area Of Sports Development Programmes </span></b><span lang="EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 39.62%;" width="39%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">1. SAI N.S. Southern Centre- Bangalore <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.38%;" width="60%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamilnadu, Pondicherry &
Lakshdweep. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 39.62%;" width="39%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">2. SAI N.S. Eastern Centre- Kolkata <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.38%;" width="60%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">West Bengal, Orissa, Bihar, A&N Islands (The Centre runs diploma
courses in Cochin for training of coaches). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 39.62%;" width="39%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">3. SAI N.S. Northern Centre- Patiala <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.38%;" width="60%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">H.P., J&K, Punjab and Chandigarh. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 39.62%;" width="39%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">4. SAI N.S. Western Centre- Gandhinagar <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.38%;" width="60%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Maharashtra, Gujrat, Goa, Dadar and Nagar Haveli. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 39.62%;" width="39%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">5. SAI N.S. North-East Centre- Imphal <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.38%;" width="60%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Implementation-and monitoring of various development programmes in all
the eight States of North-East Regions. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 39.62%;" width="39%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">6. SAI N.S. Central Centre- Delhi <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.38%;" width="60%"><div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and NCT of Delhi. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="background: white;">There are several other academies and institutes under
Sports Authority of India (SAI) that impart training to young students to
transform them into talented sportspersons. Some prominent sports institutes in
India are: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white;">Lakshmibai
National Institute of Physical Education, Gwalior; </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white;">Lakshmibai
National College for Physical Education, Thiruvananthapuram; </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white;">MRF Pace
Foundation, Chennai; </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white;">Tata Football
Academy, Jamshedpur; </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white;">National Cricket
Academy, Bangalore; </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white;">Gujarat
University, Ahmedabad; </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white;">National Sports
East Centre, Kolkata; </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white;">Adarsh College of
Physical Education, Osmanabad; </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white;">Amity School of
Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Noida; </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white;">Netaji Subhas
National Institute of Sports, Patiala; Bhupathi Tennis Academy, Bangalore; </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white;">Indira Gandhi
Institute of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, New Delhi. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
The Sports
Authority of India (SAI) has initiated several schemes to support talent and to
provide facilities for encouraging them.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Sports
authority of India implements the following programmes:- </span><span lang="EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3;"><span lang="EN-IN">NSTC </span><span lang="EN-IN">- National Sports Talent Contest Scheme; <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3;"><span lang="EN-IN">SAG </span><span lang="EN-IN">- Special Area Games Scheme; <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3;"><span lang="EN-IN">SHS </span><span lang="EN-IN">- Sports Hostel Scheme; <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3;"><span lang="EN-IN">NCS </span><span lang="EN-IN">- National Coaching Scheme; <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3;"><span lang="EN-IN">SPDA </span><span lang="EN-IN">- Sports Project Development Area; <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3;"><span lang="EN-IN">Bharatiyam; <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3;"><span lang="EN-IN">Sports Scholarship; <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3;"><span lang="EN-IN">All India Rural Sports Tournament; <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3;"><span lang="EN-IN">North-East Regional Sports Festival; etc.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b>SOURCE OF INFORMATION <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;">Employment
news paper (<a href="http://www.employmentnews.gov.in/careear-in-sports.asp">http://www.employmentnews.gov.in/careear-in-sports.asp</a>)</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;">CIRTES </li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-outline-level: 1;"><a href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-educationplus/give-sports-its-due/article5336060.ece"><span style="color: black;">http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-educationplus/give-sports-its-due/article5336060.ece</span></a></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-outline-level: 1;"><a href="http://www.jagranjosh.com/articles/Career-in-Sports-1287556343-1"><span style="color: black;">http://www.jagranjosh.com/articles/Career-in-Sports-1287556343-1</span></a></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;"><a href="http://www.indiaeducation.net/careercenter/professional-courses/sports/"><span style="color: black;">http://www.indiaeducation.net/careercenter/professional-courses/sports/</span></a></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;"><span style="background: white;"><a href="http://www.highereducationinindia.com/career-options/careers-in-sports-165.php#sthash.wVPkYo1r.dpuf">http://www.highereducationinindia.com/career-options/careers-in-sports-165.php#sthash.wVPkYo1r.dpuf</a></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;"><a href="http://www.nsnis.org/academics.htm"><span style="color: black;">http://www.nsnis.org/academics.htm</span></a></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;"><a href="http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-06-14/education/27146348_1_sports-management-adventure-sports-career" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: black;">http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-06-14/education/27146348_1_sports-management-adventure-sports-career</span></a></li>
</ol>
</div>
Dr. Niyati Garghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00257175176585877240noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4194774821142705626.post-31199030787011216972013-12-27T22:21:00.000+05:302013-12-27T22:21:33.437+05:30CAREER IN MEDICINE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">INTRODUCTION<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Medicine
as a career has been valued very high because of its power to heal and save
life. A doctor’s profession involves a lot of hard work and at the same time,
it brings along with it the satisfaction of having cured patients and of having
alleviated pain and suffering.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Medicine,
the traditionally sought after career, still attracts hordes of hopefuls every
year. It offers rewarding career opportunities both in service sector as well
as in private practice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
demand for medical professionals is tremendously increasing with the
unfortunate upsurge of diseases and ailments day by day. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Medicine
in general encompasses both traditional Indian as well as modern allopathy. Other
than Allopathy, medicine also covers different systems like Homeopathy,
Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani etc. the most famous therapy methods are Allopathy,
Homeopathy, and Ayurveda<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Allopathy<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">First
of all we will discuss about allopathy. Allopathy is the treatment of symptoms
of a disease by unrelated or opposite substances. The method of treating
disease by the use of agents that produce effects different from those of the
disease treated (opposed to homeopathy). The treatment of disease by conventional
means, i.e., with drugs having opposite effects to the symptoms. Some medical
dictionaries define the term Allopathy or Allopathic<span style="background: #F2F6F8;"> </span>medicine as the treatment of disease using conventional
evidence-based medical therapies, as<span style="background: #F2F6F8;"> </span>opposed
to the use of alternative medical or non-conventional therapies. The term
allopathic, an adjective, is used in medicine to distinguish one form of
medical practice, medical tradition, or medical profession from another. The
term was coined by the founder of homeopathic medicine, and was used through
the 19th Century as a derogatory term for the practitioners of orthodox
medicine. The meaning and controversy surrounding the term can be traced to its
original usage during a heated 19th-century debate between practitioners of
homeopathy, and those they derisively referred to as "allopaths."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">In allopathic medicine the basic degree of MBBS is
followed by a year of rotating internship, which provides hands on training in
clinical examination, diagnosis and treatment of different ailments. A doctor’s
training and career centers around the hospital.</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
There are many specializations after completing MBBS in this course of
medicine. These specializations are:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">General Practitioner or
Physician</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: He diagnosis and treats the every day
and sundry ailments of the human body. MBBS holders practice as physicians. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">General Surgeon</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:
Is one who specialises in surgery for all organs of the body. He can further
specialise in specific areas. Duties involve examining the patient to determine
the extent and nature of injury, treatment through operation and giving post
operative care. Surgery is of various types Orthopaedic, Plastic, Neuro etc. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anaesthetist or
Anaesthesiologists</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: Administers
anesthetics to a patient undergoing surgical operation according to the nature
of operation. It is he who makes the surgical procedure as painless as
possible. His duties involve examining the patient to determine his capacity to
withstand shock of operation and anesthesia. He/she has huge responsibility and
has to be present throughout the operation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Psychiatrist</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:
Diagnoses and treats mental disorders. Psychiatry has two major branches: The
first is psychotherapy, the application of psychological techniques to the
treatment of mental illnesses. This branch uses non-drug therapies and will not
use physical techniques such as drugs or surgery. The second branch is
psychiatry, where medical therapies are used. After diagnosing physical and
behavioural symptoms, drugs and other means may be used for treatment. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Neurologist</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:
Diagnosis and treats diseases related to brain and nervous system. They also
specialise in Neuro-surgery. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pediatrician</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:
Treats newborn babies and children. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ophthalmologist or Eye
Specialist</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: Treats diseases and disorders of eyes.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pathologist</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:
Investigate the cause of various diseases and the possibilities for their
prevention. His duties involve conducting chemical, microscopic and
bacteriological test in labs and examining blood, tissues, urine etc. to find
out the cause for disease. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cardiologist</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:
Also called as heart specialist. Treats diseases related to heart and
circulatory system. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gynaecologist-Obstetrician</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:
Diagnosis and treats diseases and disorders of human female reproduction
system. They care for pregnant women from conception through delivery. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dermatologist</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:
One who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of skin problems. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Orthopaedist</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:
Deals with diseases connected to skeletal system. Orthopedics is that branch of
medicine that deals with the correction of deformities and prevention of
disorders in joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, all bones and bony
tissue. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">13.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gastroenterologist</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:
Treats diseases related to liver, pancreas, stomach, intestine, bowels and gall
bladder <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">14.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Radiologist</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:
Diagnosis diseases and disorders by studying X-ray pictures of affected parts
and gives treatment such as therapeutic radiation to affected parts of the
body.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">15.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ENT specialist</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:
Treats disorders of ear, nose and throat Tuberculosis Specialist: Treats
ailments due to infection by tubercular disease <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">16.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Venereologist</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:
Treats venereal or sexual diseases. Bacteriologist: Also called Microbiologist.
Conducts research and laboratory experiments on occurrence, growth,
development, control and utilization of bacteria and other micro-organisms. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">17.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Physiologist</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:
Studies normal functioning of different organs and tissues of human body and
investigates effects of physical environments such as variations in altitude,
speed, temperature etc on its vital functions. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">18.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nutritionist</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:
Gives instructions regarding food values and utilization of foods in human body
to keep it healthy and control diseases. He prescribes diet for various
diseases. Chiropodist: Also called pedicurist, treats foot diseases and
abnormalities. He treats corns, blisters etc using surgical instruments. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Homeopathy<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Homeopathy
is totally a different concept of medical treatment. It was born in Germany,
developed in America and is flourishing not only in India but world over. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Homeopathy
is a popular alternative medicine that is controversial because of its lack of
scientific plausibility and confirmation. Homeopaths contend that remedies for
diseases can be created by taking substances which cause symptoms similar to
that disease and repeatedly diluting and shaking them hard between each
dilution. According to homeopaths the 'therapeutic powers' of the substance are
retained by the diluent (water, sugar, or alcohol), but that the dilution
removes any toxic effects. The end product is so diluted that it is
indistinguishable from pure water, sugar or alcohol by laboratory tests but is
still claimed to have an effect on consumers. Standard science labels this a
placebo effect. Homeopathy was created by Samuel Hahnemann in the late 18th
century. The therapeutic applications of the remedies used in homeopathy are
recorded in homeopathic materia medica, and practitioners select treatments
according to a patient consultation that explores both the physical and
psychological state of the patient.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ayurveda</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ayurveda or Ayurvedic medicine is
an ancient system of health care that is native to the Indian subcontinent. It
is presently in daily use by millions of people in India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka,
and it was a major influence on the development of Unani, Chinese and Tibetan
Medicine. The word "Ayurveda" is a tatpurusha compound of the word
āyus meaning "life", "life principle", or "long
life" and the word veda, which refers to a system of
"knowledge". Thus "Ayurveda" roughly translates as the
"knowledge of life", or "knowledge of a long life".
According to Charaka Samhita, "life" itself is defined as the
"combination of the body, sense organs, mind and soul, the factor
responsible for preventing decay and death, which sustains the body over time,
and guides the processes of rebirth". According to this perspective,
Ayurveda is concerned with measures to protect "ayus", which includes
healthy living along with therapeutic measures that relate to physical, mental,
social and spiritual harmony. Ayurveda is also one among the few traditional
systems of medicine to contain a sophisticated system of surgery (which is
referred to as "salya-chikitsa").<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ayurvedic Medicine is totally a
different concept of medical treatment, different from Allopathic and
Homeopathic. It is as old as civilization. Even in “Rigveda”, Ayurvedic Medicine
is found mentioned. It is considered to be the only indigenous system of
medical treatment and believed to cure the root cause of every disease. It is a
fast growing field of medicine and the companies like Dabur, Baidyanath etc.
have popularised its use in every household. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NATURE OF WORK <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A
doctor’s profession involves a lot of hard work and at the same time, it gives
the satisfaction of curing patients at times even saving lives. To be in this
profession is more a responsibility than a privilege. It is more of what you
can give the community than what you can get from it. The increasing
complicated lifestyles giving birth to a variety of ailments have made it
impossible for General Physicians with an MBBS degree to handle all ailments.
It is here that specialisation in a particular branch of medicine becomes a
necessity. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">CONDITIONS OF WORK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The working conditions of a doctor typically include hospital
or clinic settings. They are commonly stressful situations that can involve
emergency scenarios at a moment's notice. They also include long hours, and
doctors may be required to work any shift on weekdays or weekends. Doctors
often work very long and unsocial hours, including weekends, evenings and
nights (usually on a rota basis), although working hours vary according to
specialty.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">EARNINGS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
doctors who are working in government hospitals or in private hospitals </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Entry-level
salary in government hospitals ranges between Rs. 20,000 to 30,000. </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">It
may vary in private hospitals from Rs 10,000 to Rs 15,000.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
earnings of a doctor through private practice depends on his/her popularity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Allopathy <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Entrance
examination for admission to the MBBS course subjects of Physics, Chemistry and
Biology at the senior secondary (+2) level.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Selection
for MBBS is through an All India Entrance Examination (AIEE). The Central Board
of Secondary Education (CBSE) conducts an All-India entrance examination for
admission to the MBBS course against 15 percent of the total seats in all
medical colleges run by the Union of India, State Governments and other Local
bodies except in Andhra Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">In
the case of private medical colleges entrance examinations are conducted by the
institutes individually.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
advertisement for the above examination appears in all leading National Dailies
and also in Employment News during the month of January/February. The Entrance
Examination is held during the month of May every year.</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"> In case
of private colleges, the selection is through internal exams.</span><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">AGE :</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> 17 to 25 Years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Post Graduate Studies<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">After
MBBS, candidates can go for post graduate level studies (MD or MS) through
another entrance. At the post graduate level, there is specialisation in
Medicine and Surgery. Post Graduate Programmes (MD or MS) is usually of 3 years
duration.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Homeopathy<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">There
are two main courses in Homeopathy. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Diploma
in Homeopathic Medicine and Surgery <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bachelor’s
degree course <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Eligibility for
both is 10+2 with science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology). Admission to Bachelor
in Homeopathic Medicine & Surgery (BHMS) is based on merit. In several
states there is a joint entrance examination along with MBBS & Bachelor
Degree in Dental Surgery (BDS) selection.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ayurveda<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bachelor
of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery (BAMS) is of 5½ to 4½ years duration
including internship. Eligibility is 10+2 or equivalent examination with
Physics, Chemistry and Biology. Some institutes require knowledge of Sanskirt
up to class-X. Notification for admission is issued any time between June to August.
Most institutes admit students according to their performance in the entrance
examination or on the basis of marks obtained at the10+2 level.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES REQUIRED <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Good
memory and recollection ability <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Service
mentality <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Stamina
<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Patience
<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Power
of concentration <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Emotional
stability <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Logical
and analytical mind <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Willingness
to learn throughout their career <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ability
to take timely decisions <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Self
-motivation etc. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A doctor is also
expected to possess a strong sense of responsibility as the patient’s life
depends entirely on him.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">METHODS OF ENTERING THE JOB<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">For
practicing as a physician or surgeon, one needs to have completed the MBBS
course from a recognised medical college and must possess a license from the
State Medical Council to practice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">After
obtaining a BAMS degree, it is compulsory for students to get registered at the
respective state councils (under Indian Medical Central Council Act). If they
want to practise across the country, the registration under Central Council of
Indian Medicine (CCIM) is a must. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">TYPICAL PLACES OF EMPLOYMENT/SELF EMPLOYMENT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">They
can find employment In Government or private hospitals, In Nursing
homes/clinics/health departments, In medical services of the army, navy and air
force, under the Ministry of Defence, In charitable institutions, In medical
colleges and training institutes as teachers, In research institutes and
medical colleges as researchers, In the industrial sector Private practice/
self employment <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Graduates
of Homeopathy find employment in Government Medical Services i.e. Central
Government Hospitals, State dispensaries, Autonomous/Local bodies, Voluntary
Organizations or in private practice and teaching.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Graduates
of Ayurvedic Medicine find employment in Govt. Medical Services i.e. Central
Govt. Hospitals, State dispensaries, autonomous/local bodies, voluntary
organisations or in private practice and teaching. They can find recruitment in
</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Government/ private hospitals, dispensaries, colleges, research
institutes, ayurveda health centres, spas, resorts, pharmaceutical companies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SOME COLLEGES<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">There are more than 120 Medical
Colleges all over the country with a total admission capacity of about 12,000
students approx. Though most of them are affiliated to state universities, some
colleges admit a number of students on the basis of an all India test. They
are: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">All India Institute of
Medical Science, New Delhi. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Maulana Azad Medical
College, New Delhi. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">St. Johns Medical
College, Bangalore. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Armed Forces Medical
College, Pune. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Christian Medical College,
Ludhiana and Vellore. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jawaharlal Nehru
Institute of Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Institute of Medical
Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mahatma Gandhi
Institute of medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-indent: -27pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Medical College, Meerut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Chhatrapati
Shahuji Maharaj Medical University,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Lucknow<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Medical
College, Meerut (Govt.)</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-indent: -27pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Santosh Medical college, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaziabad,_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Ghaziabad</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-indent: -27pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">13.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Subharti Medical college, Meerut,
Uttar Pradesh<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The Medical Colleges falling under
the purview of Universities, run and managed by the different state Governments
admit students to the entrance examination on the basis of state domicile. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The All India Institutes conduct
separate entrance examinations for admission to their courses. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">There
are more than 115 recognized Homeopathic Medical Colleges in the country which
offer Bacheor of Homeopathic Medicine and Surgery (BHMS) courses.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">There
are more than 130 recognized Ayurvedic Medical Colleges in the country. Some of
them are: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Institute of Medical Sciences,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Banaras
Hindu University, <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Ayurveda
& Tibbia College, <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Gujrat
Ayurveda University, <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Government
Ayurveda Colleges in Kerala; <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Podar
Ayurved College, Maharashtra <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SOURCES OF FURTHER INFORMATION<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Employment news
paper<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">CIRTES<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.sciforums.com/showthread.php?77292-What-is-the-difference-between-Allopathy-Homeopathy-and-Ayurvedic-medicens">http://www.sciforums.com/showthread.php?77292-What-is-the-difference-between-Allopathy-Homeopathy-and-Ayurvedic-medicens</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://mannclassicalhomoeopathy.webs.com/apps/blog/entries/show/7301288-what-is-allopathy-">http://mannclassicalhomoeopathy.webs.com/apps/blog/entries/show/7301288-what-is-allopathy-</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.ask.com/question/what-are-the-working-conditions-of-a-doctor">http://www.ask.com/question/what-are-the-working-conditions-of-a-doctor</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_medical_colleges_in_India">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_medical_colleges_in_India</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.nih.nic.in/">http://www.nih.nic.in/</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Dr. Niyati Garghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00257175176585877240noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4194774821142705626.post-25767871648919822772013-12-25T17:03:00.000+05:302013-12-25T17:03:25.810+05:30CAREER IN LEGAL SERVICES<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="Section1">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">INTRODUCTION <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Along with
engineering, medicine and civil services, the legal profession, is one of the
more respectable careers, and so, highly sought after.<b><u><o:p></o:p></u></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Law is one of the most basic social
institutions. It establishes the rules that define how society will live, and
each individual's rights and obligations. It also determines how the state will
enforce the rules to maintain law and order, and prescribes penalties for those
who break these laws. Therefore Law is one of the popular career choices in our
country for a long time. Those whose families have been into the profession for
generations in India usually opt to study law too. However, to become a lawyer
it is not mandatory to have a family background in law neither is it necessary
that you belong to an affluent family. Anyone can choose to study law as long
as one has the passion for it. Lawyers are needed to interpret laws and
safeguard the rights of the citizens. The job of a lawyer is challenging and
also satisfying.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Lawyers got
a status in 1707 when Queen Anne finally gave them a charter recognizing them
as professionals. This was her very last act before her death and the entire
profession went into mourning in memory of their queen and wore black robes, a
tradition they keep till today. From writers to politicians to freedom
fighters, lawyers have donned many hats. Mahatma Gandhi, Dr Rajendra Prasad,
and Abraham Lincoln – all these were lawyers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Have you seen courtroom dramas or
serials like ‘Adaalat’, did their method of judgement excite you? If yes then
before choosing law as career you have to consider the fact that while law is a
fascinating career, the notion is slightly less exciting in reality than the TV
serials make it out to be. Work is tough and involves a lot of
responsibilities. Often you hold somebody’s future in your hands. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">There are many branches in law. Lawyers
may specialise in a particular branch of legal work, such as :- <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><em><u><span lang="EN-IN">Corporate Law</span></u></em><em><span lang="EN-IN">:</span></em><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span lang="EN-IN"> </span></i></span><span lang="EN-IN">This branch deals with the legal entity known
as the company. It has become one of the most lucrative of practices following
the economic boom. Every acquisition, merger, deal, public listing or
de-listing requires dozens of lawyers working frantically to ensure that it
goes smoothly and in accordance with the law. Corporate law requires
individuals who are patient and have an eye for detail.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><em><u><span lang="EN-IN">Criminal Law</span></u></em><span lang="EN-IN">: Certainly the most glamorous of all legal practices, it is also one of
the demanding. It deals with those cases in which a person has broken the law
in a manner which is deemed criminal allowing the state to initiate procedures
against him. one deals with offences against society or state. "You need a
special mind for criminal law," says Iqbal, "You have to be
analytical and be one step ahead of the opponent. You have to ask questions
that nobody else can think of: why did he do what he did? Why did he not do
what he did not do?"It is, however, one of the most lucrative. One can
easily charge Rs 50,000 for a single bail application. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><em><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">Civil Law</span></u></em><em><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">:</span></em><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;"> </span></i></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">This branch deals with property transactions, wills,
trusts, torts etc.</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> deals with concerns of private rights of individuals,
handling damage suits, breach of contract suits, drawing deeds, wills,
mortgages, acting as trustee or guardian, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><em><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">Family Law</span></u></em><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">: Also known as marital law, this is the branch that
deals with marriage, divorce, adoption, custody<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tax Law</span></u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> has a tuned
in focus on income tax, estate tax, real tax, franchises, problems of
inheritance, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Corporation Law</span></u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> deals with
advising corporations on their legal rights, obligations, privileges; studying
statutes, constitutions and ordinances; and, helping the corporations to make
the all-important decision of whether to go in for a suit at all.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">International Law </span></u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">specialises
on treaties, customs and traditions observed by nations in their relations with
one another.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Labour Law </span></u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">deals with
workers, their associations, working conditions, workers’ rights and duties,
etc. Frequently, a lawyer specialising in labour law is called upon to sort out
issues between management and employees in firms.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Real Estate Law</span></u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> covers
conveyance of property, search records and deeds to establish titles of
property; acting as trustee for property; and, drawing up legal documents for
deeds and mortgages.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Other branches includes:-
Constitutional Law, Company Law, Excise and Customs Law etc. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Here are some main reasons why a
career in law is worth pursuing: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 3.85pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Growth, knowledge and opportunity to
excel in diverse fields of law such as civil, criminal, employment, tax, real
estate, and so on.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 3.85pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">With expertise and experience, the
possibility of securing high fees implies economic growth as well.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 3.85pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prestige, fame and respect
associated with the profession.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 3.85pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Evolving and dynamic nature of the
legal profession.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 3.85pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">An opportunity to contribute to the
society’s welfare by taking up cases that can have significance for the society
as a whole.<b> </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">India is a
country with one of the highest litigation rates among its population and Sir
Ivor Jennings termed the Indian Constitution “a lawyer’s paradise.” Talented
lawyers will never have to worry about their income. The sky is really the
limit, for those who have a sharp analytical mind, powers of logical reasoning
and concentration. Law career is fast emerging as one of the most lucrative
professions. Lawyers in India are held in high esteem, because their services
and legal advice are required to help people whenever they face legal hassles
or need law advice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">NATURE OF WORK <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">General: </span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">To work in government, lawyers can
join the Indian legal service or the State legal service, after qualifying in
the Law Service Commission, or the State Public Service Commission entrances
examination. Those who are selected, join as munsif is a district court, and
move up in time to the post of district and sessions judge, or to senior
positions in the judiciary and revenue departments.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A majority of lawyers take up jobs
in law firms or private practice handling civil and criminal cases, matters of
property, inheritance, contract and commercial issues, theft, murder, crimes
against society or the state and so on. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">An advocate pleads in court and is
actively involved in litigation. He decides what legislation and what
precedents are relevant in a particular case. He offers legal advice to clients
on a wide range of subjects, from personal to business matters. In the event of
a case going to court, the advocate takes up the case on behalf of the client. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If one decides to become an
advocate, he begins as a junior assistant to an advocate, performing routine
jobs like filing, researching, securing adjournments and, of course, attending
court with the senior. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">Specific:</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Other options for lawyers include publishing of law
books and journals, journalism, or teaching and academics. With some years of
experience you can also opt to work as a legal expert in international
organizations such as the International Labour Organisation, the World Bank,
and the UN, in particular the </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">United Nations High Commissioner
for Refugees (</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">UNHCR).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Very little
of modern legal work has anything to do with court. Much of corporate and civil
law is paperwork -- drafting agreements, contracts, wills etc. Many firms
specialise in this documentation and hire litigators only on a fee basis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">The jobs involve giving legal advice and representing clients in legal
matters. Lawyers as advocates and advisers in court, present the facts of the
case to the judges, cross examine witnesses and finally sum up the reasons as
to why the court should decide in their clients favour. Lawyers also work in
the legal department of firms, in defence services, as political advisers, in
government legal services, with the judiciary as Magistrate, District and
Session Judge, Munsif, Public Prosecutors, Solicitors, Attorney General,
Advocates etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">CONDITIONS OF WORK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lawyers do most of their work in offices,
law libraries, and courtrooms. They sometimes meet in clients' homes or places
of business and, when necessary, in hospitals or prisons. They may travel to
attend meetings, gather evidence, and appear before courts, legislative bodies,
and other authorities.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Salaried lawyers usually have
structured work schedules. Lawyers who are in private practice may work
irregular hours while conducting research, conferring with clients, or
preparing briefs during non-office hours. Lawyers often work long hours, and of
those who regularly work full time, about half work 50 hours or more per week.
They may face particularly heavy pressure, especially when a case is being
tried. Preparation for court includes keeping abreast of the latest laws and
judicial decisions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2 style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></h2>
<h2 style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Positives/Negatives<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Lawyers like other professionals such as
doctors and chartered accountants require experience to polish their skills and
become valuable for their clients. Therefore, it is time which helps a lawyer
become effective. Candidates determined to succeed in the profession have to be
patient in the initial phase of their career. However, there is no limit to
success and money as well as power for a lawyer. Lawyers are not only respected
but also help people in their battle for justice.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">HOURS OF WORK</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">Court
hours –10.a.m. to 4.00.p.m.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">Office
hours –Evening hours for discussion with clients and planning for the next day.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">HEALTH AND/OR ACCIDENT HAZARDS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">Can
have cervical spondalysis, obesity because of long sitting hours.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">Blood
pressure, stress always because of daily pressure as for lawyer everyday is an
exam <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">EARNINGS</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Initially low salaries dissuade some
people from signing up for this profession. But this amount increases
substantially, depending on where you are working. Successful lawyers are among
the wealthiest in our country today. Moreover, law graduates passing out from
the top law schools are being offered salaries on par with MBAs. International
organizations often pay in dollars as well and the UN provides very good
tax-free salaries. Moreover, as lawyers become partners in law firms after some
years of experience, they can make a lot of money.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Whereas a lawyer who wishes to start
practicing in a court can get a stipend of Rs 5000 to Rs 40,000 depending
upon the advocate he is associated with, a law graduate working with Legal
Process Outsourcing can earn attractive salary in the range of Rs 20,000 and Rs
50,000. It is a very high paying profession, but depends largely on the
calibre, popularity and success of the candidate. The college you graduate from
is another factor</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">An articled clerk or apprentice
usually gets a stipend of Rs. 2,200. Private practitioners get good packets.
For those in government service, it could be in the Rs. 2,000 to Rs. 4,000
range. When a person gets appointed as sub-judge, he begins at Rs. 5,500 plus
the benefits and perks that all government employees are entitled to.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN">ELIGIBILITY</span></b><span lang="EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The basic qualification required for establishing
one in the legal profession is a law degree i.e. (LLB - </span><i><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Legum Baccalaureus</span></i><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">). The degree in
law can be obtained at two stages :- <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">After graduation in any discipline, one can
take up a three year LLB programme from any recognized University in the
country. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -23.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Five year integrated programme after
successful completion of 10 + 2 or equivalent examination. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The LLB
course is regulated by the Bar Council of India which sets rules and
regulations regarding legal practice in the country. Any specialisation is done
at masters, MPhil or PhD stage. A higher degree helps candidates get jobs in
academics. A candidate can start preparing for law entrance exam conducted at
national level for 5 years’ BA LLB at various National Law Schools soon after
completing the senior secondary exam. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The national
law entrance exam, CLAT (Combined Law Admission Test) basically tests the
student’s general English, legal aptitude, general awareness, logical skills,
etc. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES REQUIRED <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The sky is really the limit, for
those who have a sharp analytical mind, powers of logical reasoning and
concentration; argumentative abilities, presence of mind; confidence and
excellent communication skills.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Law is a
career which requires loads of patience and logical skills. It takes loads of
hard work and dedication to become a successful lawyer. First generation
lawyers particularly face numerous problems in their profession as is true of
every other profession. It becomes easier if one trains under a Senior Counsel
in the beginning of their career. This is not to say that newbies cannot make
it own their own. Anything is possible with determination and of course, hard
work. Great communication skills and a faculty for critical analysis and
articulation are pre-requisites for lawyers. Therefore, one should analyze
these points before opting for law as a career.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Other skills
that are also essential are listed below:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">Confidence<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">good intellect, </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">Listening
skills<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">Commercial
awareness<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Power of logical reasoning, </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">Team
work and people skills<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">Self-motivation
and initiative<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">Research,
and problem solving<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">Ability
to organise and prioritise<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">ability to assimilate and analyze facts, </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">character and mental and physical stamina </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ability to discuss matters with all types of
people, </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">powers of concentration, patience and
perseverance and </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">good judgment to distinguish the relevant from the
irrelevant. </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">JOB OPPORTUNITIES<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Legal
profession is one of the growing and lucrative profession all over the world.
It offers exciting opportunities as an Advocate Magistrate, Judge, Counsellor,
Teacher, Social Worker, a legal correspondent etc. With the entry of multinational
companies scope for lucrative job opportunities has further increased.
Multinational companies are taking law graduates as law officers in their
companies on the basis of campus selection and offering very good perks.
Besides jobs available to the law graduates, self-employment opportunities are
plenty in this line. <b>One has to enroll
one self with the local state central Bar Council.</b> After enrolment as an
advocate he is in a position to practise law in any of the courts as per rules.
There is also scope in Defence Services in Executive branch Cadre Posts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Top Companies<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Some of the top law firms in the
country are:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Amarchand Mangaldas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AZB & Partners<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">J Sagar Associates<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Khaitan & Co<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Luthra & Luthra<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Trilegal <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Desai & Diwanji<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Singhania & Partners <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Titus & Co <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wadia Ghandy & Co<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lakshmi Kumaran & Sridharan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Economic Laws
Practice <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Vaish &
Associates <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Lawyers generally practice before judges in the Subordinate courts,
Administrative tribunals, High courts and the Supreme courts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">TYPICAL PLACES FOR EMPLOYMENT <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Corporate
Counsel</span></u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">They play a
significant role in providing advice regarding the working and transactions of
a company. On behalf of the company or its subsidiaries, they undertake legal
services such as drafting, vetting, networking and negotiating contracts and
resolving legal disputes, just to mention a few. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Litigation
Law Firms</span></u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Litigation
law firms specialize in offering litigation solutions to their clients. The
cases may vary in nature but a good litigation firm will accept all cases and
represent clients in courts. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bank
Officer</span></u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: The work involves drafting, vetting and resolving
legal claims. Typically, in nationalized banks, the eligibility criteria
includes two to three years of practice and expertise in banking and company
law before one can apply for the post. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Company
Secretary</span></u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> A law
graduate, who has penchant for company related matters, can find employment as
a company secretary in a corporate house. It pays very well and there is great
opportunity to put skills and knowledge to test. However, advocates in the
profession do not consider it as part of advocacy.<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Academics</span></u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A law graduate can also take up research or make a
profession in academics by teaching. Those who want to teach tend to opt for
part time work. <u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Career in Legal
Writing</span></u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">After
completing law, a law graduate can pursue legal writing as a profession. With
good writing and researching skills, a legal writer or law reporter can
represent facts pertaining to legal developments across domains, research and
write about it for law publishers, reports or even blogs pertaining to law. <u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Social
Work</span></u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: A lawyer can become a part of a NGO and stand for
social issues and causes. Usually, the NGOs opt for advocates with experience.<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Judicial
Service</span></u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: It involves public service and a position of
considerable honour in society. However, it requires tremendous hard work and
dedication for practicing lawyers to pass the exams for subordinate judge. <u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ADVANCEMENT
AND PROMOTIONS <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There are a
plethora of opportunities for a law graduate. One can either practice as an
advocate in a court of law or work with corporate firms. By clearing exams
conducted by Public Service Commissions, a law graduate can become a judge.
After gaining experience, a law graduate can hope to become Solicitor General,
a Public Prosecutor or offer services to government departments and ministries.
One can also work as a legal adviser for various organisations. Teaching in
colleges, working with NGOs and working as a reporter for newspapers and
television channels are other attractive options.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Some educational / training institutions<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.05pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Faculty of Law, University of Delhi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.05pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.05pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.05pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">National Law School of India
University (NLSIU), Bangalore<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.05pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gujarat National Law University
(GNLU)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.05pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Symbiosis Society's Law College
(SSLC), Pune<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.05pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">National Law University, Jodhpur<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.05pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">National Law Institute University
(NLIU), Bhopal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.05pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ILS Law College, Pune<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.05pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Government Law College, Mumbai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.05pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Amity Law School, Delhi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.05pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SOURCE
OF INFORMATION <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">CIRTES<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.ncbuy.com/careers/blsj/job053.html">http://www.ncbuy.com/careers/blsj/job053.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.advocatekhoj.com/blogs/index.php?bid=9095065a118da42b588300615&bcmd=VIEW">http://www.advocatekhoj.com/blogs/index.php?bid=9095065a118da42b588300615&bcmd=VIEW</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.jagranjosh.com/careers/law-1296555438-1">http://www.jagranjosh.com/careers/law-1296555438-1</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Dr. Niyati Garghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00257175176585877240noreply@blogger.com28tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4194774821142705626.post-28872781090083482732013-12-24T18:27:00.002+05:302014-01-06T18:18:49.032+05:30CAREER INFORMATION IN POWER POINT SLIDES<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Dr. Niyati Garghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00257175176585877240noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4194774821142705626.post-54553763732278790272013-12-23T22:08:00.001+05:302013-12-30T09:06:03.916+05:30CAREERS IN FASHION DESIGNING<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">INTRODUCTION</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The word ‘fashion’ immediately conjures up images of
glitz and glamour. <span style="background: white;">Fashion design is the applied
art devoted to the designing of clothing and lifestyle accessories. This art is
influenced by cultural and social attitudes and has evolved over time and
place. Fashion designing has come a long way from the designer clothes worn by
the royalty of the ancient world to the haute couture products of the present.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fashion Designing is concerned with designing
apparels and accessories for men, women and children. Other that clothes,
fashion designing includes designing of jewellery, footwear, bags and other
accessories.<span style="background: white;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fashion designing is one of the
most lucrative, appealing, glamorous and exciting career options in today's
world. If one has a penchant for creativity, style and originality, a career in
fashion designing is the one tailor made for you. On one hand, the fashion
industry satisfies both the creative fancies and the materialistic needs of the
people. On the other hand, it promises glamour, fame, success and a high pay
package to the talented people.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">In India, the fashion industry has
just begun to come of age. As it is still in its fledgling stage, it offers
plenty of opportunities for enthusiastic, talented and hard working youngsters.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Indian
fashion is gaining a lot of popularity abroad because of cheap labour and
excellent craftsmanship. Many top Indian designers are now catering to this
growing international demand for quality fashion products and accessories.<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Prospects for fashion design
graduates are pretty good thanks to the huge and still growing demand for
“designer wear” and the equally large volume of exports.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Until a few years ago, there was not a
single Indian name in the global fashion scene. However with the establishment
of NIFT and some other fashion schools, a band of gifted designers is already
making its mark on the fashion firmament. Today names like Ritu Kumar, Ritu
Beri, Rohit Bal, </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Satya Paul, <span style="background: white;">Sunit Verma, JJ Vallaya and Tarun Tahiliani have virtually become
household names – what with the media showcasing their talent across
double-page spreads in glossy mags and sundry fashion-related programmes on TV.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NATURE
OF WORK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A fashion designer creates
clothing, including dresses, suits, pants and skirts, and accessories such as
shoes, for consumers. One can specialize in clothing, accessory or jewellery
design. Some designers work in all three areas. Another area of specialization
is costume design for those who want to create wardrobes for television, movie
and theatre productions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">CONDITIONS OF WORK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The work of a fashion designer is
both competitive and stressful. Constant excitement, limelight and glamour set
the tone for work. Considerable time is spent standing, working on large
worktables. The work involves teamwork. Fashion shows require perseverance over
long periods of time. There is considerable travel involved during fabric
selection, analysing fashion trends, fashion displays. Hectic work pressure
evolves during fashion shows. </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fashion designers
employed by manufacturing establishments, wholesalers, or design firms
generally work regular hours in well-lighted and comfortable settings.
Designers who freelance generally work on a contract, or job basis. They
frequently adjust their workday to suit their clients' schedules and deadlines,
meeting with the clients during evening or weekend hours when necessary.
Freelance designers tend to work longer hours and in smaller, more congested,
environments, and are under pressure to please clients and to find new ones in
order to maintain a steady income. Regardless of their work setting, all
fashion designers occasionally work long hours to meet production deadlines or
prepare for fashion shows.<span style="background: white;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<strong><span lang="EN-IN">+ives</span></strong></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">The scope of fashion design is
such that it’s cut out for success.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">There are some glamorous
aspects to this business, you may get to rub shoulders with the rich and
famous, but reaching there is absolute hard work.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<strong><span lang="EN-IN">-ives</span></strong></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-IN">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Fashion designers need a
lot of experience and hence they have to work as assistant for any reputed
fashion design firm in the initial phase.<span class="apple-converted-space"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-IN">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">You might want to set up
your own studio but you will need a lot of money or have to find investors who
are ready to invest in your studio.<span class="apple-converted-space"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Unless you have some hands on
experience, it is hard to get investors.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">HOUR OF WORK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Designers normally work from 9am to 5pm, but they
may work much longer hours when preparing samples for buyers or collections for
fashion shows.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">EARNINGS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">As a fresher you’ll start out with
a monthly package of Rs. 10,000 – 15,000. </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">With
experience, you will acquire maturity in designing skills and a few years down
the line your salary would be in the range of Rs. 30, 000 to Rs. 40, 000 per
month. Of course, if you become a reputed designer you could demand the world.<span style="background: white;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN">QUALIFICATIONS
REQUIRED<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Basic education required to get admission in degree
level course is </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">10 + 2 (any stream)</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"> with 50%. Highly
selective entrance test held in Jan/Feb for which application forms are
available in November. Written test will be conducted by NIFT for entry in to
the above mentioned programmes. There will be five kinds of tests in the
written examination <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">GAT (General Aptitude Test) is an objective type paper that examines the
candidates basic intelligence and Aptitude for logical thinking <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">CAT (The Creative Ability Test) evaluates the candidates design
innovations and skills. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">MAT is an objective test to asses the problem solving aptitude and
environmental sensitivity of the candidate. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Situation test: That assesses a students hands-on ability with material
provided to them <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">TAT (Thematic Apperception Test) examines a candidate’s reaction to a
series of images. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">A fashion designer
typically needs an associate degree<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>or
a<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>bachelor's degree in fashion
design<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>in order to find
employment. Fashion designers who may be thinking about running their own
business or store may also combine a fashion design degree with a business,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>marketing, or<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>fashion merchandising degree. </span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Around 300 postsecondary
institutions with programs in<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>art<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>design<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>are accredited by the National
Association of Schools of Art and Design. Most schools expect a basic art or
design course to be completed before formal admittance into a program is
allowed. Sketches may also be requested before admittance.</span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Interning, working at
manufacturing firms, working at retail stores or with a personal stylist can
help fashion designers learn the necessary skills of the industry.</span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN">PERSONAL
SKILLS REQUIRED<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">F<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ashion designers should be artistic and should be able to express their
ideas in sketches. They may not be brilliant artists but must be able to
combine colours, shades and tones. Designers have a flair for creating with
fabric and know how to use textiles effectively. Designers need visual
imagination and the ability to think in three-dimensions to translate into
garments what they visualize. They must be fashion conscious and must be aware
of market requirements. An understanding of the market and customer lifestyle
is required, so that designs are suitable for people they are made for. The
work attitudes involved with selling, persuading and influencing are required.
Self-employed/freelance designers need business acumen. Top designers must be
highly original and inventive. Sketching is not possible at shows, therefore
designers must be observant and must have a good memory.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Fashion designers must have
a strong aesthetic, good communication skills, be able to problem solve and
sketch. A good portfolio is also important for an aspiring fashion designer to
have. The ability to work well in teams is also important for fashion designers
who will remain in contact with manufacturers, supplies, and buyers. The
ability to meet deadlines and work within a budget, a lot of self discipline
and physical stamina are also essential.</span></div>
<div class="2" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="background: white; margin-top: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">FUNDING/SCHOLARSHIP<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Some fashion academies
extend merit based scholarships. These scholarships usually waive off
payment of tuition fee only. These waivers continue in the subsequent year(s)
on the condition that the awardees academic performance meets the prescribed
standards of achievement.</span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">The criterion of these
scholarship programmes is based on the annual income of the eligible student’s
parental annual income. There are a few scholarships sponsored by reputed
companies for meritorious and financially deserving students. Scholarship
awardees also get educational loan facility to cover other payable fee and
expenses.</span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="2" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<strong><span lang="EN-IN">EMPLOYMENT AVENUES</span></strong></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">As a professional fashion designer, you can
work in areas like designer wear production, fashion marketing, planning and
concept management. Then there is fashion media, design production management,
fashion accessory design, quality control and promotion of brands.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>You can also work as a designated
costume designer, fashion consultant, personal stylist, technical designer,
graphic designer, production pattern maker or a fashion coordinator.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Other roles include: apparel
production manager, fabric buyer, fabric quality control manager, show room
sales representative, illustrator, cutting assistant and outside sales
representative. Those interested in a career in fashion designing can also
become entrepreneurs and form their own companies. Other options are
Teaching/Training, Journalism, and Coordination / Anchoring, </span></div>
<div class="1" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">There are
opportunities for work with the various sectors dealing with fashion. The
opportunities for jobs exist in the following sectors:</span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Export houses dealing with
garment/textile/hand loom exports</span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Retail and wholesale garment
businesses in men‘s/women‘s/children clothing in sportswear/casual wear, etc.</span></div>
<div class="1" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Government/Semi government-hand
loom/textile manufacturers</span></div>
<div class="1" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Fashion show organizers/Fashion
publishers</span></div>
<div class="1" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">TV/Film fashion programme
producers/ costume designers, etc.</span></div>
<div class="1" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Textile mills, </span></div>
<div class="1" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Leather companies, </span></div>
<div class="1" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Boutiques, </span></div>
<div class="1" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Jewellery houses and </span></div>
<div class="1" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="background: white; margin-top: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">JOB
PROSPECT<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">In India, the fashion
industry has just begun to come of age, as it is still in its fledgling stage.
This industry offers plenty of opportunities for talented hard working and
enthusiastic people. Prospects for fashion design graduates are pretty good
thanks to the huge and still growing demand for “designer wear” and the equally
outsized quantity of exports</span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">After successful completion
of the course, you can remain self employed. Alternatively, several export
houses, garment store chains, textile mills, leather companies, boutiques,
fashion show organizers, jewellery houses and media houses recruit
professionals interested in a career in fashion designing.</span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">ADVANCEMENT OPPORTUNITIES<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">New designers often begin their careers working for
those with more experience. They work as pattern makers or sketching assistants.
With increased experience one can move into a supervisory position becoming,
for example, a chief designer or a design department head.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Better prospectus both in terms of
salary and growth of fashion design jobs is enormous and extends beyond India’s
markets to international markets too. Indian fashion designers are doing very
well in almost all countries and hence the scope has broadened for students of
fashion designing. <span class="apple-converted-space"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">With more and more Indians dressing
up and focused on looking good, there is an increasing awareness about fashion
in India. The Indian fashion industry is booming. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">TRAINING
INSTITUTES <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -21.8pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">National Institute of Fashion
Technology (NIFT), New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkatta, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -21.8pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">National Institute of Design
(NID), Ahmedabad, www.nid.edu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -21.8pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Apeejay Institute of Design, New
Delhi, www.appejay.edu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -21.8pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">National Institute of Fashion
Design (NIFD), Chandigarh, www.nifd.net<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -21.8pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Hyderabad, Chennai, Gandhinagar
and Bangalore, www.niftindia.com<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -21.8pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Northern India Institute of
Fashion Technology (NIIFT), Mohali, www.niiftindia.com<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -21.8pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Pearl Academy of Fashion, New
Delhi, www.pearlacademy.com<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -21.8pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">SNDT Women's University, Mumbai
www.sndt.edu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -21.8pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Srishti School of Art, Design
& Technology, Bangalore (Karnataka) www.srishtiblr.org<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -21.8pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">University of Mumbai, Mumbai (Maharashtra).
www.mu.ac.in<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -21.8pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Wigan & Leigh College, New
Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Bangalore <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -21.8pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">International Institute of Fashion Technology, New Delhi. </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -21.8pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Lady Irwin College, New Delhi </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -21.8pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><strong><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></strong><!--[endif]--><strong><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Army Institute of Fashion & Design (AIFD), Bangalore</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -21.8pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sophia Polytechnic, Breach Candy, Mumbai. </span><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -21.8pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">South Delhi Polytechnic, South Extn. Part-1, New Delhi. </span><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -21.8pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">NIFT-TEA
Knitwear Fashion Institute, 163, TEKIG, Tea Nagar, Tirpur.</span><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN">SOURCES
OF FURTHER INFORMATION<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Sources of further
information are the employment news, career fortune and also information can b
extracted from various links:</span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">CIRTES</span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.jagranjosh.com/careers/fashion-designing-1286446534-1"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://www.jagranjosh.com/careers/fashion-designing-1286446534-1</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN"><a href="http://www.timesjobs.com/candidate/careerresources/htmls/fashion.jsp"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://www.timesjobs.com/candidate/careerresources/htmls/fashion.jsp</span></a></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN"><a href="http://www.careernextmove.com/career_options/Fashion_Designing_.php"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://www.careernextmove.com/career_options/Fashion_Designing_.php</span></a></span></div>
<br />
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN"><a href="http://www.niftindia.org/"><span style="color: windowtext;">www.niftindia.org</span></a></span></div>
</div>
Dr. Niyati Garghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00257175176585877240noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4194774821142705626.post-90968106627388159032013-12-23T22:08:00.000+05:302013-12-23T22:08:10.183+05:30CAREER IN CIVIL SERVICES<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">INTRODUCTION <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">A country as vast and thickly populated as India needs a
well organised government machinery for proper governance. There are two facets
to the administration of a country. One is security for which the country has its
defence services and the other is the non-military part, which is taken care of
by the Civil Services. </span><span lang="EN">In
India, the Civil Service is defined as "appointive positions by the
Government in connection with the affairs of the Union and includes a civilian in
a Defence Service, except positions in the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Indian
Armed Forces." The Civil Services of India can be classified into two
types - the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>All India Services<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>and the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Central Civil Services<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(Group A and B).</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Union Public Service Commission conducts this competitive
examination for appointment to the Indian Civil Service. Some of the services
to which appointment is to be made are as follows. </span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-IN">All India
Services </span></i></b><span lang="EN-IN">: </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Administrative Service </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Police Service </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Foreign Service </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span lang="EN-IN">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-IN">Central Service
Group A/B </span></i></b><span lang="EN-IN">: </span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Post &
Telecommunication Accounts & Finance Service Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Audit & Accounts
Service Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Customs & Central
Excise Service Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Defense Accounts Service
Group A </span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Revenue Service Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Civil Accounts Service
Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Postal Service Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Railway Traffic Service
Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Railway Accounts Service
Group A </span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Railway Personnel
Service Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Railway Protection Force
Assistant Security Officer Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Defense Estate Service
Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Information Service
(Junior Grade)Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Indian Trade Service Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Central Industrial Security
Force-Assistant Commandant Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Central Bureau of
Investigation-Deputy Superintendent of Police Group A </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Central Secretariat Service
Group B (Selection Officer Grade) </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Railway Board Secretariat
Service Group B (Section Officer Grade) </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Armed Forced Headquarters Civil
Service Group B (Assistant Civilian Staff Officer Grade) </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Customs Appraisers Service
Group B </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Delhi and Andaman & Nicobar
Islands, Lakshdweep Daman & Diu and Dadar & Nagar Haveli Civil Service
Group B </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Pondicherry Civil Services Group B. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The Indian Forest
Service <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The Defence Secretariat
Service <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The Union Territories
Police Service <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The Union Territories
Administrative Service <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN">The term<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>civil
service</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>can refer to either:
a) A branch of governmental service in which individuals are employed on the
basis of professional merit as proven by competitive examinations, or b) the
body of employees in any government agency other than the military. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN">The recruits are university graduates (or
above) selected through a rigorous system of examinations, called the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Services_Examination" title="Civil Services Examination">Civil Services Examination</a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(CSE) and its technical counterpart
known as the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_Services_Examination" title="Engineering Services Examination">Engineering Services Examination</a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(ESE) both conducted by the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Public_Service_Commission" title="Union Public Service Commission">Union Public Service Commission</a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(UPSC). The entry into the State Civil
Services is through a competitive examination conducted by every state public
service commission. Senior positions in civil service are listed and named in
the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_order_of_precedence" title="Indian order of precedence">Order of Precedence of India</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Today
the Indian Civil Services have become much more complex & broader. The
importance of the Civil Services in a country like India is great. Since it is
such a vast country with varied features in different parts, India needs an
efficient system of administration & management. This is where the civil
servants come of help. In spite of the many career options available today,
many young people still opt for the Indian Civil Services because it retains an
aura of prestige & a civil servant in India even today earns a lot of
respect in the country.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">NATURE OF WORK<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN">In the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>parliamentary democracy<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>of India, the ultimate responsibility
for running the administration rests with the elected representatives of the
people which are the ministers. But the handful of ministers cannot be expected
to deal personally with the manifold problems of modern administration. Thus
the ministers lay down the policy and it is for the civil servants to carry out
this policy. The<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>executive<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>decisions are implemented by the
Indian civil servants.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Department
wise nature of work is explained below:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Indian Administrative Service</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;">: </span></strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;">The IAS
officers are responsible for the management of the various administrative
departments & their respective functions. This includes framing of policies
& acting as advisors to the ministers as well as executing appointed duties
as the officers in charge of the administration of smaller administrative
units. The District Magistrate for instance, is in charge of a district &
has to look after the law & order situation as well as the administration
& the over all development of the area. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<strong>Indian
Police Service: </strong>The Indian Police Service is directly responsible for
maintaining law & order in the state of India. It has the responsibility to
look after the safety of the citizens of the country. The Indian Police Service
has various branches & associated departments like the Border Security
Force, the Department of Home Guards, the Central Bureau of Investigation, the
department of Traffic Control, the Criminal Investigation Department, the
Central Reserve Police Force, the Crime Branch, etc. An IPS officer often
shares his duty with the IAS officer of the same district. </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<strong>Indian
Forest Service: </strong>An officer of the Indian Forest Service takes care of
the vast forest resources of the country helping to conserve it & protect
it from illegal poacher, loggers, grazers & their likes. </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<strong>Indian
Foreign Service: </strong>The Indian Foreign Service is associated with the
countries External & Foreign Affairs Ministry. The officials are
responsible for the framing of foreign policies as well as maintaining &
regulating the Indian embassies in various countries of the world. </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<strong>Indian
Railway Service: </strong>The Indian Railway Service is in charge of the huge
network of railways in India which itself is divided into the Indian Railway
Traffic Services, the Indian Railway Personnel Services, the Indian Railway
Accounts Services & the Railway Police Service. The Railway Police Service
is responsible for maintaining the security of the whole system &
especially the passengers. The Indian Railway Traffic Service deals with the
scheduling of trains & the passengers & the freight carried by these
trains. The Indian Railway Personnel Service is the branch which deals with the
recruitment of the officers & other administrative workers & the Indian
Railway Accounts Services is in charge of looking after the accounts of this
vast system. These are the non technical branches of the Indian Railways. For
the recruitment of technical staff (like the engineers) there is a different
entrance test altogether. </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<strong>Indian
Postal Service: </strong>The Staff of the Indian postal Service look after the
workings of the country's postal network which includes the telegraph service.
Officers start out as Senior Superintendent of Post Offices initially. The
postings can be in any part of the country & also in the central Ministry.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<strong>Indian
Customs & Central Excise Service: </strong>As the very name suggests, this
deals with the custom & excise departments. The former deals with the
levying of taxes on things brought into the country whereas the department of
excise duties deals with the taxation of goods which are produced in the
country. </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<strong>Audit
& Accounts Service</strong>: This service maintains the accounts of all the
states of India. It has various specialised branches such as the Indian Defence
Accounts Service which deals with the expenditure of the Indian Defence
Services. There is also an Indian civil Accounts Service which falls under the
direct administration of the Secretary of the Ministry of Finance. </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<strong>Indian
Information Service: </strong>The Indian Information Service deals with the
transmissions of government media apparatuses like Doordarshan &
Prasarbharati. It falls under the purview of the Ministry of Information &
Broadcasting. </div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<strong>Indian
Revenue Service: </strong>The officers of the Indian Revenue Service aid in the
assessment & fixing of the rates of income tax & are also responsible
for collecting the same. There are branches within it dealing with tax crimes
such as evasion of income tax & also those which build up statistics. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">CONDITIONS OF WORK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Most
Civil Servants work in an office environment but this obviously depends upon
which department an individual is employed in. For example, some Civil Servants
will work at airports or at ferry terminals. The large majority of civil
servants manage to work to a nine to five timetable but some roles will demand
longer hours. Flexible working hours are also available subject to departmental
needs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Weekends
are usually kept free and part-time work is often available for those who
desire it. Opportunities to travel overseas are common in some departments and
individuals will be expected to attend regular training courses. The job can be
stressful at times, particularly when deadlines are looming.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">HOURS OF WORK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">Office
hours – 10.a.m. to 6.00.p.m.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">Crises
hours – no fixed time. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<b><span lang="EN-NZ">EARNINGS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">In the
Civil Service the pay structure is good. There is job security. From the 1<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">st </span></sup>day
of joining service, Civil Servants are entitled to subsidized accommodation,
telephone and transport facilities. The social status enjoyed by a civil Servant
is unparalleled. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">The
Government of India has fixed salary grades for Civil Servants. Approximately
the range of salaries drawn at various levels is as follows : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Junior Officers: Rs. 8000-275-13500 <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Senior Officers: Rs. 10650-325-15200 <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Junior Administrative Grade:
Rs.12,750-375-16,500 <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Selection Grade: Rs.15,100-400-18,300 <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Additional Secretary : Rs.22400-525-24500 <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Secretary/Cabinet Secretary: Rs.26,000/30,000 <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">(The
above scales only provide an idea of the pay scales. Different branches of the
service have different scales of pay.) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">QUALIFICATIONS AND
TRAINING<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Nationality:</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"> For Indian Administrative Service and the Indian
Police Service a candidate must be a citizen of India. For other services the
candidate must be either (1) a citizen of India or (2) a subject of Nepal or
(3) A subject of Bhutan or (4) a Tibetan Refugee, who came over to India before
1<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">st </span></sup>January
1962 with the intention of permanently settling in India or (5) a person of
Indian origin who has migrated from Pakistan, Burma, Sri Lanka, East African
Countries of Kenya, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Malwai, Zaire,
Ethiopia and Vietnam with the intention of permanently setting in India.
Candidates belonging to categories 2,3 & 4 shall be person in whose favour
a certificate of eligibility has been issued by the Govt. of India. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Age: </span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">A candidate must have attended the age of 21 years
and must not have attended the age of 30 years as on 1<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">st </span></sup>August
of the year of the Examination. The upper age limit is relaxable for SC &
ST candidates by 5 years and by 3 years for OBC candidates. The age limit is
also relaxable for certain other categories also i.e. displaced persons,
certain categories of Commissioned Officers of the armed force. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Educational
Qualification</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">: A
degree of any of the Universities incorporated by an Act of the Central or
State Legislature. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">METHODS OF ENTERING THE
JOB<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
The
Indian Civil Service Examinations are conducted by & under the supervision
of the <em>Union Public Service Commission</em> which was established in 1950
under the Constitution of India's Article 315. This annually held examination
is highly competitive as thousands of aspirants appear for it every year. The
actual examination is divided into two stages: </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
Preliminary Examination <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
Main Examination <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<strong><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The whole process of selection takes a full calendar
year starting with the preliminary examination and going on to the main written
examination concluding with a personal interview. <o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<strong><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The Preliminary Examination</span></strong><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
is a qualifying examination which is objective in nature. It consists of two
papers: one which tests the general knowledge of the aspirant & the other
which is a test on a subject of the examinee's choice. The optional subjects
include Law, Sociology, Philosophy, Economics, Agriculture, Mechanical Engineering,
Botany, Medical Science, Political Science, Animal Husbandry & Veterinary
Science, Chemistry, Physics, Public Administration, Zoology, Electrical
Engineering, Geology, Indian History, Commerce, Geography, Statistics, etc. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<strong><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The Main Examination</span></strong><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
in its turn is further divided into written & oral parts. The written part
of the test consists of nine papers. These include a paper on English, a paper
on any one Indian Language, a general knowledge paper, an essay & papers on
any two optional subjects chosen by the candidate appearing for the exam. The
optional subjects are the same as those in the preliminary examination.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Once
a civil service aspirant clears these stages he or she then has to appear for
the <strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">interview</span></strong>.
During the interview the candidate will face questions on topics of general
awareness. However, the main objective of the interview is to gauge the
personality of the candidate & adjudge whether he or she is suitable for
the responsibility that the job entails. In board terms this is really an
assessment of not only his intellectual qualities but also social traits and
his interest in current affairs. Some of the qualities to be judged are mental
alertness, critical power of assimilation, clear and logical exposition,
balance of judgement, variety and depth of interest, ability for social
cohesion and leadership, intellectual and moral integrity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lastly,
there is a <strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Medical
Test</span></strong>. This is especially important for the candidates of the
Indian Police Service. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">There
is a somewhat different system of examination for the aspirants of the Indian
Forest Service especially as far as the choice of subjects is concerned. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
selected candidates are assigned to various services based on their over all
ranks in the entrance examinations. All appointed probationary officers undergo
compulsory training. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Number
of Attempts: </span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Every
eligible candidate appearing at the Civil Service examinations shall be
permitted 4 (four) attempts only. This restriction will not apply in case of SC
& ST candidate. For OBC candidates the number of permissible attempts is
limited to 7 (seven). </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Also it is wiser to be
mentally ready for several attempts as cracking the Civil Services Exams is a
tough nut to crack the first time around; and if you do qualify you may want to
attempt again to improve your ranking and therefore your service allotment.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES
REQUIRED <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
skills required to become a successful Civil Servant include:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Smart thinking <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">A
responsible attitude<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Good analytical skills.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Good
organizational skills<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Excellent
communication skills<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
ability to motivate other members of the team<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
ability to manage both resources and a tight budget<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
ability to keep certain information confidential at all times<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
ability to work both as part of a team and on an individual basis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">A
hunger for improving knowledge and reading around different subjects<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
ability to read complex information and summaries it in an easy-to-understand
manner<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">ADVANCEMENT /PROMOTIONS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
After
their probationary period & the period of training, all officers are in
charge of the most junior posts. With time & experience one is promoted to
higher positions. This is because the Indian Civil Service operates in a
hierarchical fashion where experience is the key to advancement. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Responsibilities vary with the seniority of the civil
servant. Junior officers begin with probation and move up in the hierarchy. </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">TYPICAL PLACES OF EMPLOYMENT/SELF EMPLOYMENT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Small and Medium Enterprises</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Technology</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Family Welfare</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Renewable Energy</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Gas</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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of Communications and Information Technology</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Urban_Development_(India)" title="Ministry of Urban Development (India)">Ministry of Urban Development</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Resource Development</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Information and Broadcasting</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Employment</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Highways</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Industry</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Heavy_Industries_and_Public_Enterprises_(India)" title="Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises (India)">Ministry of
Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban_Poverty_Alleviation" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation">Ministry of Housing
and Urban Poverty Alleviation</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Tourism_(India)" title="Ministry of Tourism (India)">Ministry of Tourism</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Steel_(India)" title="Ministry of Steel (India)">Ministry of Steel</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Shipping_(India)" title="Ministry of Shipping (India)">Ministry of Shipping</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Parliamentary_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)">Ministry of Parliamentary
Affairs</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Justice_and_Empowerment" title="Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment">Ministry of Social Justice
and Empowerment</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Railways_(India)" title="Ministry of Railways (India)">Ministry of Railways</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Rural_Development_(India)" title="Ministry of Rural Development (India)">Ministry of Rural Development</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Chemicals_and_Fertilizers" title="Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers">Ministry of Chemicals and
Fertilizers</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Coal" title="Ministry of Coal">Ministry
of Coal</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Statistics_and_Programme_Implementation" title="Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation">Ministry of
Statistics and Programme Implementation</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Mines_(India)" title="Ministry of Mines (India)">Ministry of Mines</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Women_and_Child_Development" title="Ministry of Women and Child Development">Ministry of Women and Child
Development</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_and_Forests_(India)" title="Ministry of Environment and Forests (India)">Ministry of Environment and
Forests</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Development_of_North_Eastern_Region" title="Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region">Ministry of Development
of North Eastern Region</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Youth_Affairs_and_Sports" title="Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports">Ministry of Youth Affairs and
Sports</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Consumer_Affairs,_Food_and_Public_Distribution_(India)" title="Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution (India)">Ministry
of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Food_Processing_Industries_(India)" title="Ministry of Food Processing Industries (India)">Ministry of Food
Processing Industries</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Aviation_(India)" title="Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)">Ministry of Civil Aviation</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(India)" title="Ministry of Culture (India)">Ministry of Culture</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Drinking_Water_and_Sanitation_(India)" title="Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (India)">Ministry of Drinking
Water and Sanitation</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Minority_Affairs" title="Ministry of Minority Affairs">Ministry of Minority Affairs</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Water_Resources_(India)" title="Ministry of Water Resources (India)">Ministry of Water Resources</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Petroleum_and_Natural_Gas" title="Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas">Ministry of Petroleum and Natural
Gas</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">SOURCES OF FURTHER
INFORMATION:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">CIRTES<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.upsc.nic.gov.in/">www.upsc.nic.gov.in</a><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.myjobsearch.com/careers/civil-servant.html">http://www.myjobsearch.com/careers/civil-servant.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Services_of_India">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Services_of_India</a><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_service">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_service</a><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
Dr. Niyati Garghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00257175176585877240noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4194774821142705626.post-77226268146101893982013-12-22T17:17:00.001+05:302018-03-18T15:01:23.513+05:30CAREER IN ANIMATION<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">INTRODUCTION <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
word animation is derived from a Latin word ‘anima’, meaning ‘soul’ i.e. when life breathes into characters.
The art of animation started with the cavemen who used to draw pictures on the
rocks surfaces. Then who can forget Walt Disney for the creation of his
cartoons especially the Mickey Mouse! In the present sense it means linking the
series of drawings and simulating their movements together. It is a rapid
display of 2D or 3D images to create an illusion of motion. It is an art form
in which inanimate objects are brought into life by sequencing the drawn
images.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Early examples of attempts to capture the
phenomenon of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>motion<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>into a still drawing can be found in<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Paleolithic<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>cave paintings, where animals are
often depicted with multiple legs in superimposed positions, clearly attempting
to convey the perception of motion.</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Animation
is one of the blooming & rapidly growing segments in the computer sector.
Today it is applied to almost every sector. It will not be wrong to say that
its use is a sign of modernization. Today Animation is applied almost
everywhere. Starting to movies to real world, the uses of animations are wide.
Even sectors like education and studies get benefited by animation. Many
display and study principles which are hard to make students understand can be
represented and shown with the help of animation. That is how it brings
modernization along with it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Blockbuster
movies such as Kung Fu Panda, The Chronicles of Narnia, Wall-E, Coraline, Up,
Bolt, Ice Age and Monsters vs. Aliens are striking examples of the miracle that
is animation. Animation industry has boundless scope for those who love to
create magic. Animation application areas include myriad avenues in the
following areas <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.2in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Entertainment (movies
and television) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.2in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Business (product
promotions and marketing demos) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.2in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sales (presentations) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.2in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Education (Computer
Based Tutorials/Web Based Tutorials) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.2in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Publishing (graphics
and printing) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.2in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Virtual reality in Defence
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.2in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Web designing <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.2in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Engineering <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.2in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Advertising (commercials
and print ads) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.2in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fashion designing and
interior designing <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.2in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Development of computer
games/mobile games <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.2in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Medical, legal and
insurance industry (presentations and models) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.2in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Leading studios and
training institutes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NATURE OF WORK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">There
is not a single field sans animation effects these days. From cartoons to
movies, advertisements, product designing, websites and research, animation has
a hold everywhere. Gaming and graphics are the latest additions to its credit.
One can work as a <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.2in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Modeler <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.2in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Layout artist <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.2in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Clean-up artist <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.2in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Scanner operator <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.2in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Digital ink and paint
artist <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.2in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Compositor <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.2in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Key frame animator <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.2in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Background artist <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.2in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">In-between animator<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Every
role is crucial for the successful creation of the animated project. Game
modellers, rigging artists, game animators, level designers, environment
modellers and mobile game designers are some of the latest career options.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">CONDITIONS OF WORK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Positives/Negatives<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<strong>+ives</strong></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->The global animation industry is huge and as an
animation artist, you have great scope both in India and abroad.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Animation as a profession is very lucrative.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<strong>-ives</strong></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Working for long hours is one of the stressful
situations an animator has to face most of the time during their career.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Working on computer for long time can arise
physical problems</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hours of Work<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: .25in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Animators
usually work normal office hours, although they may work additional hours to
meet deadlines. Many animators work freelance, and part-time and temporary
contracts are common. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: .25in;">
<b><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">EARNINGS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">One
can be a junior animator and can start earning between Rs.12000 to Rs.14000. A
senior animator with an experience of 3 to 5 years can take home a sum of
Rs.25000 to Rs.35000. But if you have a portfolio of some good and outstanding
animation work you would even be able to earn more than Rs.50000 to Rs.60000.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">EDUCATIONAL
QUALIFICATIONS & TRAINING<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">12th
standard from any recognized board with minimum of 45% marks and a degree or a
diploma in animation and advanced courses is necessary for career in animation.
One who has bachelor's degree in any discipline preferably arts is also
eligible for degree or a diploma. One should have a basic knowledge of handling
computers. Some of the institutes like Industrial Design Center (IDC), Indian
Institute of Technology (IIT) and Indian Institute of Design (NID) have a
strict eligibility criterion – only graduate of architecture, technology and
engineering, fine arts can apply for this course. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SCHOLARSHIP <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aptech
Arena extends the Kala Srishti Scholarship programme to its meritorious
students. The UD School of Animation, Hyderabad, offers the DiiA (Diversity in
India Animation) Scholarship programme, which supports and promotes women to
take up a career in animation. Maya Academy of Advanced Cinematics (MAAC)
provides scholarships to meritorious students annually on the basis of a
creativity test that is followed by an interview.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">METHODS OF ENTERING THE
JOB<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">After 10
+ 2 students have to attend certain entrance exam for getting admission for
various animation courses. Some of the main entrance exams for animation courses
conducted by certain institutions are given below<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Arena Animation Academy Entrance Exam<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">DSK International Institute for Industrial
Design, Animation and Gaming Entrance Exam<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Picasso Animation College Entrance Exam<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Thakur-Toonskool Advanced Animation Academy
Entrance Exam<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mudra Institute of Communications Entrance
Exam<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Accel Animation Academy Entrance Exam<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">FX School Of Animation Entrance Exam<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">National School of Design Animation Entrance
Exam<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES
REQUIRED <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">As
the scope of animation is rising as never before, there are many things that
you need to keep in mind while opting for this career. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Creativity,
Lot of passion and imaginative skills, Flair for sketching/drawing, Lot of
dedication, Patience, hard work, good at visualizations, Choice of colours and
acting, Innovative, Full of ideas and willing to implement them, these
qualities are necessary for a person pursuing career in animation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Animation
is a multitasking job so for that you need to work as a team, therefore, you
need to have good communication skills.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Some other skills an animator should
have are:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 6.8pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">be artistic<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 6.8pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">have excellent IT
skills<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 6.8pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">able to concentrate for
long periods<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 6.8pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">be observant and
understand how people move and express emotions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 6.8pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">have good communication
and negotiation skills<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 6.8pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">have good
organisational skills<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 6.8pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">be original and
inventive<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 6.8pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">work well as part of a
team and be able to take direction from senior animators, directors and clients<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 6.8pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">be able to follow a
brief and work on their own initiative<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 6.8pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">take criticism well<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 6.8pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">work well under pressure
and to strict deadlines.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ADVANCEMENT /PROMOTIONS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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As many animators
are self-employed, career progression depends on their skills, versatility and
ability to promote themselves. With experience, animators may become lead
animators or animation directors. They may also move into specialist areas such
as animation special effects. There may be opportunities to work overseas or to
teach animation.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">TYPICAL PLACES OF EMPLOYMENT/SELF EMPLOYMENT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Companies
like Dreamworks, Pixar, Blue Sky and Sony pictures give employment to bachelors
in animation. They can also get placements in gaming world also.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">India has
more than 300 animation studios, which employ over 15,000 animation
professionals. The gaming industry is one of the top employers and they also
pay quite well. Though entertainment through film and television is the main
area of application in this profession, animation is also needed in other areas
such as business, sales, engineering, education and advertising. Animators can
also find jobs in print media and publishing firms. Freelance work is another
option, particularly for web animators. Animators can also branch into website
design, CD-Rom production, graphics designing and three-dimensional product
modeling.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Big
names in animation like Fun Bag Animation, Warner Brothers, Industrial Light
and Magic and Disney are now exploring India to produce their animation movies
on a co-production basis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">TRAINING INSTITUTES<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Academy
of Animation and Gaming (AAG)<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Frame
Box. New Delhi <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
Toonz-Webel Academy, Kolkata <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Whistling
Woods International, Mumbai <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
Heart Animation Academy, Hyderabad <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">National
Institute of Design (NID) (www.nid.edu.com) <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">J.J
School of Arts. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Zee
Institute of Creative Arts (ZICA) (www.zica.org) <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Industrial
Design Center (IDC), IIT Mumbai and Guwahati <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Arena
Multimedia (www.arena-multimedia.com) <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Maya
Academy of Advanced Cinematics (www.maacindia.com) <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">TOONZ
Animation India Pvt. Ltd. (www.toonzanimationindia.com) <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Academy
of Digital Arts and Communication (www.killickchallenger.com) <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">RAI
University (www.raiuniversity.edu) <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ANIMASTER
(www.animaster.com)<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SOURCES OF FURTHER
INFORMATION:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.jagranjosh.com/careers/animation-1286366197-1"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.jagranjosh.com/careers/animation-1286366197-1</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.icbse.com/careers/career-in-animation"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.icbse.com/careers/career-in-animation</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://content.monsterindia.com/ic1.html?acid=2540"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://content.monsterindia.com/ic1.html?acid=2540</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://entrance-exam.net/animation-courses-after-12th/#ixzz2lWJyeaTo"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://entrance-exam.net/animation-courses-after-12th/#ixzz2lWJyeaTo</span></a>
</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animation"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animation</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><a href="http://creativepool.com/articles/jobdescriptions/animator-job-description">http://creativepool.com/articles/jobdescriptions/animator-job-description</a></span><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">RELATED PPT </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://www.slideshare.net/DrNiyatiGarg/career-in-animation-91059618">CAREER IN ANIMATION</a></span></div>
</div>
Dr. Niyati Garghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00257175176585877240noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4194774821142705626.post-61133751472267187432013-12-20T17:55:00.000+05:302018-03-18T14:52:52.831+05:30CAREER IN BANKING<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<b>INTRODUCTION<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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The economy of the country is growing at a steady pace, and this growth has been passed on to banks in a big way. Bank jobs were earlier considered the domain of only finance grads, but now graduates from every stream stands a chance as banks require candidates in various capacities. Banks present huge opportunities to young people and this is largely due to the fact that they have diversified into various other products than just core banking.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 22px;">Banking offers a clean, peaceful and dignified work atmosphere and lifestyle. The banking sector embraces the entire society. A Career in banking offers promise of good remuneration and benefits. Prospects of promotion are good. Service condition ensures a secure and comfortable lifestyle. By sincerity and efficiency one can win respect and recognition in society.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">The head of the bank branch is the branch manager. There are officers, clerical and other staff who undertake responsibilities in it’s various departments. All banks are governed by the regulations and directives from the Reserve Bank of India. The multinational banks follow a flexible and business oriented work structure. Corporate and merchant banks carry on business related activities. Investment banks are associated with financial activities. Lawyers, engineers, agriculturists, language specialists all work in banks as experts.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<strong>Managers/ Probationary Officer</strong></div>
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Needless to say, a Bank P O’s position is regarded with tremendous respect in society as it offers a life long opportunity to grow, prosper and serve society in a senior and responsible position in the Banking industry. A Probationary Officer’s post is the point of entry to the coveted managerial positions in the banking industry. A P O starts as a trainee officer in the Junior Management Grade Scale (JMGS) of the bank and can rise to the highest levels, becoming a General Manager, an Executive Director or even the Chairman of the Bank.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;">
<b>Bank Clerk </b><o:p></o:p></div>
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A young person joining a bank as a clerk-cum-cashier has the opportunity to start as early as at the age of 18 years after passing the 12<sup>th</sup> standard exams. A bank clerk enjoys job security, a challenging work environment and the opportunity to strengthen customer relation skills, using the best available technology and learning from proficient senior officers. He is trained on the job and at the Bank’s Staff Training Colleges and given the opportunity, through departmental exams of the bank or otherwise, to rise to the higher levels of management in the bank. He gets the opportunity of life-long learning in Banking, Finance, Management and other areas of his choice through various national level institutions set up for Bankers’ education.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;">
<b>NATURE OF WORK<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Managers/ Probationary Officer</strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
Bank managers have the responsibility for running the branch, managing their staff and for generating profits. Banks have to compete with other banks and with other financial institutions. A good service increases business and generates profits. Hence managers are required to know their region well, the type of customers they are catering to and the services they will require. They have a good knowledge of all the services the bank can offer such as personal loan schemes, saving schemes, etc. to be able to advise customers appropriately. Managers have to motivate their staff so that they give the customers the best possible service.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-GB">Branch managers work in branch offices which can vary in size from a small branch with limited staff, to large branches with many on the staff. They spend time visiting customers at their offices, factories or farms and visiting large client companies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
Managers spend time in seeing customers, e.g., for personal or business loans, meeting the chief executive of a large company e.g. who wishes to increase his borrowing or he could be involved in giving his customer safe investment advice. Managers are also responsible for taking decisions regarding credit to customers by analyzing the risk and ensuring that the money is repaid. They are required to properties that they have taken as security for a loan, or visiting factories and businesses to see new equipment in operation, purchased from bank loan.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Staff in banks</strong></div>
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Both men and women work in banks, keeping records of business, personnel accounts, installment loans, mortgages or the bank's own accounts, and providing customer services such as payrolls and inventory accounting. These are the regular jobs of bank clerks. Typists, secretaries, file clerks, custodians, messengers, receptionists and safe deposit attendants complete the staff in the banks. In larger banks each employee specializes in one job. In smaller institutions responsibilities may not be too specific. For example, a transit clerk might fill in for a teller in rush hours or vacations, and a messenger might take collections, be responsible for school savings, send out collection letters to other banks, and help post interest in savings account passbooks.</div>
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<b>CONDITIONS OF WORK<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Positives/Negatives<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
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<strong><span lang="EN-IN">+ves</span></strong><span lang="EN-IN">:</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-IN">Banking professionals are required all year long. After privatization, the requirement for banking professionals has increased manifold.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-IN">Students with different specializations such as Science, Arts and Commerce can apply for jobs with banks after equipping themselves with diplomas that provide them with the basic knowledge required in the banking organizations.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-IN">Salaries of students getting placed abroad are huge and provide excellent scope for professional and personal growth.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-IN">A banking job is a white collar job, which, compared to other fields, has less stressful hours of working.</span></div>
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<strong><span lang="EN-IN">-ves</span></strong><span lang="EN-IN">:</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-IN">The layoffs in banking jobs have become frequent due to fluctuating stock markets in recent times.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-IN">Post recession, the enthusiasm of several banking organizations has been dampened.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-IN">A student from other fields will require developing enormous expertise in financial matters.</span></div>
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<b>JOB HAZARDS<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-IN">There may be chances of developing a stress-related physical or emotional ailment within several years on the job.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-IN">Under the immense stress of their jobs, many suffer personal and emotional problems that escalate into full-blown crises, with some bankers developing conditions that linger long after they have left the industry.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b>HOURS OF WORK<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-NZ">Usually work regular office hours, but may need to work evenings and weekends or be on call.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-NZ">EARNINGS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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The pay scales for banking student who is a fresher could vary anywhere from Rs 8,000 to Rs 20,000 to begin with. Students who have post graduated from top b-schools and banking institutions can expect up to Rs 8 lakhs per annum. Several banking companies recruit Indian students from the IIMs, XLRI, FMS and other popular colleges every year for pay packages not less than Rs. 10 lakhs per annum.<o:p></o:p></div>
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1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>The salary of clerks in most of the public sector banks and some private banks is same. The initial Basic Pay of a clerk will be Rs.7200/- (DA+HRA) = Total- 14000/-<o:p></o:p></div>
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2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>Initial Basic Pay of a Bank Probationary officer / PO will be Rs.14,500/- (DA + HRA + CCA) = Total – 28000/- the total salary of a probationary officer on joining at a metro station will be around Rs.27,908/-. However, the total salary of a probationary officer who has to join in rural area will be about Rs 27078/-. [This includes HRA]. However, SBI gives four additional increments to Bank POs and thus salary will be higher by about Rs 4,000/-.See details below)<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b>Note:</b> There are number of other perks available to Bank officers and these vary from bank to bank, and even the amount of such perks varies from bank to bank. SBI gives more perks than all other nationalized banks.<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b>EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS & TRAINING<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Banking is a career that offers opportunities to students from all streams, be it humanities, commerce or science. However, to make a career in banking, you must be good at analyzing numbers, that is, your mathematics must be strong enough to interpret and analyze numerical data. You must be prepared for the Banking Entrance Exams and for the interviews that follow these entrance examinations. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The basic educational qualification required for a bank job, whether private or government is a Bachelor’s degree, preferably with accounts as a subject. But a candidate with any background can apply for the jobs. Some banks even prescribe a diploma in banking and finance from the Indian Institute of Banking & Finance as a desirable qualification. And afterwards, the written examination has to be cleared for the public sector jobs, and interview for the private sector. The Private Sector banks prefer candidates with an MBA degree, if inexperienced, in Administration, Finance or Banking.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Computer literacy is sometimes compulsory, but usually a desirable qualification for both POs and clerks. A bank job aspirant must, therefore, secure a qualification or certification in computer applications. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Types of exams<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Indian banks conduct exams for probationary officers, clerical cadre and specialist officer. The exams enumerated below are prerequisites for gaining entry to the most prestigious banks in India:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>A series of common written examinations (CWEs) conducted by the institute of banking personnel to serve as probationary officers / management trainees / clerks / specialist officers in 20 public sector banks (including IDBI) and for the officers and office assistants in 82 regional rural banks (RRB).<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>The exam conducted by the SBI and SBI associated banks for recruitment as clerks and officers.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>The exam conducted by private sector banks for recruitment to the posts of clerks and officers.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Bank PO Exams:</b> For PO exams, any graduate with prescribed marks, and within the age group of 21 to 30 years, is eligible. The banks normally prescribe 55% or 60% marks in graduation for PO aspirants. Some banks (though rarely) may prescribe 65% marks in graduation or a post-graduate degree as minimum eligibility. Some banks prescribe different sets of marks for science graduates and arts or commerce graduates. However, every bank provides for relaxation in age and educational qualifications for SC/ST and reserved category candidates. Normally, SC/ST candidates are given a relaxation of 5 years in age limit and 5% in marks. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Bank Clerical Exams:</b> In clerical exams, a graduate (or even an applicant who has passed the class 12 exam with prescribed marks) who is within the age-group of 18 to 28 years is eligible to apply. Generally a pass in graduation or 60% marks in class 12 is prescribed as the minimum eligibility. However, some banks prescribe only graduation as minimum eligibility.<o:p></o:p></div>
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A relaxation in age and educational qualifications is given to reserved category candidates and sports quota candidates as per government rules.<o:p></o:p></div>
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(As every bank is free to decide the eligibility criteria for its officers or clerks, the candidates must read the notifications carefully and ensure their eligibility before submitting applications.) <o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Specialist Officers Exam:</b> Banks also conduct recruitment exams for Specialist Officers to man their credit, legal, human resources, marketing, systems and other departments which have openings for candidates having requisite professional qualifications in agriculture, engineering, chartered accountancy, law, or a degree of MBA, MCA, etc. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>METHODS OF ENTERING THE JOB<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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The Reserve Bank of India, the State Bank of India and Associate Banks and Nationalized banks advertise in Newspapers from time to time inviting applications from candidates who are willing for a career in banking according to their vacancies. For this they have to clear written test and personal interview conducted by that bank. Now Private Sector banks like ICICI, Standard Chartered Bank, Times Bank, ABN Amro, HSBC etc., also facilitate entry for clerical cadre.</div>
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<span lang="EN-GB">The Reserve Bank Services Board conducts an examination on the all India basis for recruitment of class I Officers. Graduate/ postgraduates/CA’s/MBA’s in the 21-26 year age group are eligible to take the examination.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB">Central Recruitment Board (SBI) and the Banking Services Recruitment Board (BSRB) recruit Probationary Officers for State Bank of India, and its associate banks, and other nationalized banks respectively, through competitive exam comprising of written test followed by an interview. Graduates in any discipline can take these exams. The upper age limit is 28 for SBI and 26 for other nationalized banks.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB">Private Banks and Foreign Banks advertise their posts in leading newspapers. However in management cadres, positions are largely filled through campus recruitment at management institutions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB">Professionals from streams like law, engineering, agriculture also have opening in the management cadre of various banks. <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Lawyers in banks advise on laws and regulations affecting the operations of the institution. Engineers work with industries and businesses on behalf of the bank.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b>PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES REQUIRED</b></div>
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To be successful in banking sector following skills are required:</div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>People skills</div>
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<span class="blog"><span style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span class="blog">Analytical skills<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="blog"><span style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span class="blog">Detail orientation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="blog"><span style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span class="blog">Management skills<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="blog"><span style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span class="blog">Organizational skills<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="blog"><span style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span class="blog">Honesty and Integrity<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="blog"><span style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span class="blog">Quick learning abilities<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="blog"><span style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span class="blog">Good Communication skills<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="blog"><span style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span class="blog">Banking Industry familiarity<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="blog"><span style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span class="blog">Knowledge of computer orientation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="blog"><span style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span>Aptitude for banking, sales, marketing and money matters<span class="blog"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="blog"><span style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span class="blog">Knowledge of Mathematics, Accounting, and book keeping<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Posts of officers require people with leadership qualities, Integrity, confidentiality and honesty in dealing with money, customers and staff. Good personal habits, such as neatness, promptness and organized mind are valuable personal qualities.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ADVANCEMENT /PROMOTIONS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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A Probationary Officer starts as a trainee officer in the Junior Management Grade Scale (JMGS) of the bank and can rise to the highest levels, becoming a General Manager, an Executive Director or even the Chairman of the Bank.<o:p></o:p></div>
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There are many opportunities for advancement for individuals in bank teller jobs also due to the demand for skilled financial workers in many regions worldwide. Bank tellers who choose to take on more responsibilities and have earned an education in business may go on to become head bank tellers, loan and mortgage officers, debt counselors or bank managers. These advanced jobs can often require five or more years of work experience; however, some bank tellers move up the ranks faster by getting a four-year college degree and working with mentors within their banking institutions. In addition to working within banks, tellers who want to advance in the financial industry may do so by obtaining more experience and training and getting certified as accounting professionals.</div>
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<b>TYPICAL PLACES OF EMPLOYMENT/SELF EMPLOYMENT<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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A.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><b>Public Sector Banks</b> are the major recruiters of candidates aspiring for bank jobs. These banks are:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><b>The State Bank of India Group (Total:8 Banks)</b> namely SBI (State Bank of India), State Bank of Indore, SBBJ (..Bikaner & Jaipur), SBH (..Hyderabad), SBM (..Mysore), SBP (..Patiala), SBS (..Saurashtra), and SBT (..Travancore).<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><b>Nationalized Banks (Total: 19 Banks)</b> namely Allahabad Bank, Andhra Bank, Bank of Baroda, Bank of India, Bank of Maharashtra, Canara Bank, Central Bank of India, Corporation Bank, Dena Bank, Indian Bank, Indian Overseas Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Punjab & Sind Bank, Punjab National Bank, Syndicate Bank, UCO Bank, United Bank of India, Union Bank of India and Vijaya Bank.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><b>Other Public Sector Bank </b>i.e. IDBI Bank Limited.<o:p></o:p></div>
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B.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><b>Private Sector Banks (Total: 27 Banks</b>). The major recruiters in the private sector include the ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, Axis Bank, Federal Bank, Centurion Bank of Punjab, Indusind Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank, Yes Bank, ING Vysya Bank, Bank of Rajasthan, Karur Vysya Bank, Karnataka Bank, Jammu & Kashmir Bank, South Indian Bank, Bharat Overseas Bank, etc. These banks conduct their own exams, but normally follow patterns similar to those of the exams of the public sector banks.<o:p></o:p></div>
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C.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><b>Co-operative Banks: </b>All major National and State Co-operative Banks and Scheduled Urban Co-operative Banks conduct their own exams to recruit staff. Their recruitment exams, too, are generally similar to the exams of the public sector banks.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Opportunities for Self Employment and Other Settings<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;">You can be a private Accountant / Finance Adviser in Pvt. Company.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;">You can start your own academy (Banking coaching classes/ crash courses).</li>
</ul>
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<br /></div>
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<b>INSTITUTES</b><b></b><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
•<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB">Institute for Development & Research in Banking Technology, Hyderabad</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
•<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB">National Institute of Bank Management, Pune</span><span lang="EN-GB"></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
•<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>Private institutions such as NIIT (National Institute of Information Technology) IIPM, Amity, Birla Institute for Insurance offer diploma and degree programs.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;">
<b>SOURCES OF FURTHER INFORMATION:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;">Employment newspaper</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;">CIRTES</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"><a href="http://www.time4education.com/career_in_banking"><span style="color: windowtext;">www.time4education.com/career_in_banking</span></a></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="http://www.jagranjosh.com/careers/banking-1291209346-1">http://www.jagranjosh.com/careers/banking-1291209346-1</a></span></li>
</ul>
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<a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=1WmGI6U55Qmv3ciGbD8ok7L3ZYz5DdMcZ">CAREER IN BANKING</a></div>
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Dr. Niyati Garghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00257175176585877240noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4194774821142705626.post-26813950410918559272013-12-19T18:02:00.002+05:302018-03-18T14:54:36.559+05:30CAREER IN CHARTERED ACCOUNTANCY<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">INTRODUCTION<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Financial
statements of an enterprise depict the wholesome financial situation of the
enterprise for a particular period / at a particular date. The information in
these statements are of vital importance for a large section of the society,
which deal with that enterprise. It may be suppliers of material, customers,
investors, Banks, Financial Institutions, Insurers, Government, Tax
Authorities, employees, collaborators and even their competitors. Keeping in view
the importance of these statements and the large section of the society who use
these statements for taking many vital decisions, it is necessary that these
statements are attested by some person who is expert in this field so that the
objectivity, integrity, reliability and credibility of the information is
assured to a large extent. This function of attestation is done by professional
accountants, who are Chartered Accountants in our country. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Chartered Accountants</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">were
the first<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>accountants<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>to form a<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>professional body, initially
established in Britain in 1854. Chartered Accountants work in all fields of
business and finance, including audit, taxation, financial and general
management. Some are engaged in public practice work, others work in the
private sector and some are employed by government bodies. In India, the
profession of chartered accountancy is regulated by the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>which was established by an
act of Parliament under the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949. Prior to 1949,
Restricted State Auditors were registered with the respective princely states
and British provincial State Governments. However, now, the Restricted State
Auditors have become redundant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Chartered
Accountancy Course offers the students a dream career in the specialized areas
of Accounting, Auditing, Corporate Finance, Corporate Laws, & Taxation.
Chartered Accountancy is a challenging profession that offers practice or job
opportunities in the areas of accounting, auditing, corporate finance, project
evaluation, & company & other business laws, taxation & corporate
governance. The Chartered Accountants are entrusted with substantial
responsibility under various legislations such as compulsory audit of the all
companies, banks, stock brokers, big income-tax assesses, large bank borrowers,
etc. <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A Chartered Accountant is one who is accepted as a
member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) after having
passed the final examination for the Chartered Accountancy course conducted by
the institute. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NATURE OF WORK <span class="apple-converted-space"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Chartered
Accountancy offers practice or job opportunities in the areas of accounting,
auditing, corporate finance and other business laws, taxation and corporate
governance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The main
function of a Chartered Accountant is to deal with the management of money and
provide financial advice. Chartered Accountants maintain records of financial
transactions which every organization is required to keep by law. They also
carry out company audits. Legally only Charted Accountants are allowed to audit
a company’s books. Chartered Accountants are member of the Institute of
Chartered Accountants of India. They work in private practice or in the account
department of firms and organizations.</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
types of functions generally performed by the Chartered Accountants are quite
varied; some of the important ones amongst them are listed below:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(i)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Accountancy:</span></u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
The writing up of accounts and the preparation of Financial statements from the
simplest receipts and payment Accounts of a small club to the complex and
detail accounts of large public limited companies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(ii)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Auditing:</span></u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>The purpose of auditing is to satisfy
the users of financial Statements that the accounts presented to them are drawn
up on Correct accounting principles and that they represent a true and fair
view of the state of affairs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(iii)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Taxation:</span></u><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
assessment of taxes is closely linked to financial Accounts. <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>The Chartered Accountant with his
experience in accounts is in an advantageous position to prepare the returns
for tax purposes, represent assesses before the income tax authorities and
render general advice on taxes to his clients. <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>The services of CA may be
requisitioned by the tax department for auditing taxation cases with large
revenue potential.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(iv)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cost Accountancy:</span></u><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A
Chartered Accountant is equipped to provide information on costing for the
guidance of management, introduce<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>cost <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>control methods and assist the
management in determining appropriate selling prices.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(v)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Special Company Work:</span></u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>The services or advice of Chartered
Accountants are frequently sought in connection with matters such as the
formation, financial structure and liquidation of limited companies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(vi)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Investigation:</span></u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Chartered Accountants are often called
upon to carry out investigation to ascertain the financial position of business
house for the purpose of issue of new shares, purchase or sale or financing of
business, finding out reasons for increase or decrease of profits,
reconstruction and amalgamations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(vii)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Executors
and Trustees:</span></u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>A Chartered Accountant is also often
appointed executor under a will or trust in order to carry on the
administration of the estate or settlement.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(viii)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Directorship:</span></u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Many members of the Institute who hold
senior positions in industry and commerce are also directors of their
companies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(ix)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Companies Secretarial
Work:</span></u><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">As
a Secretary, the Chartered Accountant is an important link in the management
chain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(x)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Management Accounting:</span></u><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
Chartered Accountant’s service is utilized in a variety of ways like
formulation of policies, control and performance evaluation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(xi)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Share Valuation Work:</span></u><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A
Chartered Accountant undertakes the valuation of shares of public and private
companies at the time of amalgamation or reorganization.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(xii)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Other
Activities:</span></u><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Other
duties undertaken by a Chartered Accountant includes those of an Arbitrator for
settling disputes specially those connected with insolvency work such as
the preparation of statements of affairs and the duties of a trustee in
bankruptcy or under a deed of arrangement.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Career Options for
Charted Accountants <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Independent Professional
Practice<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">As
practitioners of public accounting, CAs may start professional practice as a
proprietor or join any existing firm as a partner or staff member. A CA
provides compliance and review services and expert advice in Direct and
Indirect Taxations. He also acts as a business advisor by providing all kinds
of services including the preparation of financial reports, restructuring of
finance options, preparing financial projections, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Management Consultancy
Services<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">CAs play a vital role in assisting business and
industry to improve the use of their resources. The range of management
advisory services rendered by CAs reflect their expertise in diverse areas like
financial management, strategic management, planning and financial policy
determination, etc. As direct and indirect tax planners and advisors, CAs help
business and individuals in tax planning and tax compliance and represent their
clients before government agencies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Opt for
Industry/Government Organisation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A CA may prefer to join an industry or government
department and ultimately hold responsible positions. Many Chartered
Accountants hold responsible positions in business or industrial firms as CEOs,
CFOs, COOs, Managing Directors, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Opportunities in Global
Arena<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Today, Indian Chartered Accountants have an
impressive presence throughout the globe holding eminent positions. Many MNCs
as well as KPOs prefer Indian CAs for their expertise in IFRS, International
taxation, International Trade Laws and Accounting in IT environment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">HOURS
OF WORK:<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Life
as a<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>chartered accountant<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>can
be very tedious. An average day normally entails working from 9am to 5pm, with
minimal breaks in between. Most work is done in ones assigned office. However,
a certain amount of travelling may also be required as some clients wish for
their financial services to be done on their premises. While chartered
accountants have fixed working hours, they normally find themselves working a
lot of overtime, especially if they find themselves working for a larger
company.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">HEALTH
AND/OR ACCIDENT HAZARDS<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;">Continuance
working on computer might cause eye sight weakness and back pain and headache.<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;">Chartered
accountants live stressful lives. They never know how long they will be
required to work overtime, and they must constantly deal with the pressures of
nearing deadlines.<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white;"> </span></span><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">EARNINGS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A fresh CA
in a medium sized CA firm can earn Rs.1.2- 1.8 lakhs a year while the scales
can be higher (4-6 lakhs) in the industry.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Experience of 10-15 years can fetch Rs 35-40lakhs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Senior CAs with over 15 years of experience in Private
companies get Rs 40- 50 lakhs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Government scales are standard.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">QUALIFICATIONS
REQUIRED <o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Age: </span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Minimum age is
18 years<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Education:
</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;">10+2 Pass / Graduation and
registration in Institute for Common Proficiency Test <o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">One can enter
the Chartered Accountancy course by joining Professional Education
course. This course is available in two parts – i.e. (A) Professional
Education (PE Course I) and (B) Professional Education (PE Course II).</span><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Steps </span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">To Qualify as a Chartered Accountant<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1. CPT Route<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Enrol with the Institute for Common
Proficiency Course (CPC) after passing class 10th examination.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">After completion of specified period (60 days)
from the date of registration for CPC with the Board of Studies and after
appearing in 10+2 examination, appear and pass in CPT.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Enrol for Group I or Group II or for both
Groups of Intermediate (IPC) Course.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Complete Orientation Course of one week
spanning 35 hours, necessarily before joining the Practical Training. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Complete 100 hours Information Technology
Training (ITT) necessarily before joining the Practical Training. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Appear in Intermediate (IPC) Examination on
completion of 8 months of study course as on first day of the month in
which the examination is to be held <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Join Practical Training after passing either
Group I or both groups of Intermediate (IPC) Course. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Complete First General Management and
Communication Skills (GMCS) course (15 days) during the first year of
practical training. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Complete Second General Management and
Communication Skills (GMCS) course (15 days) after completion of 18 months
of practical training but before completion of practical training.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Clear Group II of Intermediate (IPC)
Examination if not done earlier.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Register for CA Final Course and prepare for
CA Final Examination. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Complete Advance Information Technology
Training during the third year of practical training but before appearing
in the Final Examination. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Complete Practical Training of three years. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Appear in the Final examination on completion
of the practical training or while serving last six months of articled
training on or before the last day of the month preceding the month in
which the examination is to be held. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pass Final examination and complete GMCS II,
if not completed earlier. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Enrol as a member of the ICAI and be designate
as “Chartered Accountant”.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2. Direct
Entry Route<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">I.
Commerce Graduates/Post-Graduates (55%) or Other Graduates/Post-Graduates (60%)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Enrol with the Institute for Intermediate
(Integrated Professional Competence) Course for both groups.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Complete 35 hours Orientation Course spanning
one week and 100 hours Information Technology Training (ITT). <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Register for Practical Training of three
years. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Complete General Management and Communication
Skills (GMCS) -I Course during first year of practical training <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Appear in Intermediate (Integrated
Professional Competence) Examination after nine months of Practical
Training and Study Course of eight months concurrently from the date of
registration for the Intermediate (Integrated Professional Competence)
Course. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Appear and pass in both groups of Intermediate
(Integrated Professional Competence) Course.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Register for CA Final Course and prepare for
CA Final Examination. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Complete General Management and Communication
Skills (GMCS) -II Course (15 days) course while serving the last 19 to 36
months of articled training. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Complete Advance Information Technology
Training during the third year of practical training but before appearing
in the Final Examination.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Complete three years period of Practical Training.
<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Appear in the Final Examination while serving
last six months of practical training on or before the last day of the
month preceding the month in which the examination is to be held.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pass Final examination.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Enrol as a member of ICAI and be designated as
“Chartered Accountant”.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Note: The
term other graduates / post graduates will not cover a graduate or a
postgraduate in Music, Painting, Photography, Sculpture and the like.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">II.
Candidates who have passed Intermediate level examination of The Institute of
Company Secretaries of India and The Institute of Cost Accountants of India<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Enrol with the Institute for Intermediate
(Integrated Professional Competence) Course either for Both Groups or
Group I. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rest of the steps will follow as steps in CPT
route mentioned above.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Address for registration:</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Regional Offices of ‘The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India’.<b> </b>The Assistant Secretary, Central
Indian Regional Council, The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, Post
Box No.-314, 26/77-B, Kanpur Civil Lines, Kanpur-208001. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,
Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan Uttranchal & Jharkhand<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -.55pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Examination</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:
Twice a year in May and November.</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A student may register at any time
during the year. <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>The
examinations are held twice a year in May and November. <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>A student should get himself/herself<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>registered at least ten months before
the examinations. <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>For May
Examination he/she should, therefore, be registered before 30<sup>th</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>June of the preceding year and for
November Examination he/she should be registered before 31<sup>st</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>December of the preceding year.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.75pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Medium of Examination:</span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Students are allowed to opt for Hindi Medium for answering question papers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.75pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES REQUIRED <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo4;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Business
acumen and numerical ability<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Good
communication skills<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Objective
Attitude<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Independence
of thought and Integrity<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ability
to work under pressure of deadlines.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">If you have good numerical ability, an analytical
mind, a logical and methodical approach a career in accountancy could be the
career for you.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SCHOLARSHIP <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
Institute </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Chartered Accountants of India </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">grants various scholarships to students namely,
Merit, Merit-cum-Need based and Need based and Weaker-sections scholarships out
of the funds of Institute and Endowment Schemes created by individual
donors/trustees/societies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoHeader" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoHeader" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN">METHODS OF ENTERING THE
JOB<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoHeader" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Campus interviews for
freshly qualified Chartered Accountants are organized by the Institute at
various Centres viz. Bangalore, Kolkata, Chennai, Kanpur, Mumbai and New Delhi.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span> The scheme has been evolved to
provide an opportunity to employing organisations as well as young professional
aspirants to interact and explore the possibility of taking up positions in
industry.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoHeader" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoHeader" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN">TYPICAL PLACES OF
EMPLOYMENT/SELF EMPLOYMENT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoHeader" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Chartered Accountants have
various options for pursuing rewarding career. <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Some of the available options are:-</span></div>
<div class="MsoHeader" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Set up independent professional
practice.</span></div>
<div class="MsoHeader" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Join a practicing firm of
Chartered Accountants.</span></div>
<div class="MsoHeader" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Render services in the field of
capital market.</span></div>
<div class="MsoHeader" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Engage in your own
industrial/business venture.</span></div>
<div class="MsoHeader" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-IN">Take up a suitable position in
business or industry.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>The choice depends largely on your
personal inclination.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Many in due
course have risen to occupy managerial and senior executive posts of
responsibility, like Chief Accountant, Financial Advisor, Internal Auditor, General
Manager, Company Director etc. <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Nevertheless
most Chartered Accountants concerns are normally advertised. Most
employers also notify junior-level vacancies to Employment Exchanges. <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Better paid Government posts are
filled through the Union and State Public Service Commissions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">There
will always be opportunities for financial/accounting and tax consultancy in
every business, however big or small. With growth, industrialisation and the
current turn towards globalisation, the corporate sectors require the services
of more and more Chartered Accountants. Hence, it is evident that the future of
Chartered Accountants is very secure. Some of the recruiters are: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">GECIS
(formerly GE Capital Intl Services) <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">S
R Batliboi & Co<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">L&T
<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">IBM
India Pvt Ltd<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tata
Consultancy Services <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Barclays
Shared Services Pvt Ltd<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Axis
Risk Consulting Pvt Ltd <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Syndicate
Bank<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Landmark
Group, UAE<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Vedanta
Resources Plc <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Caterpillar
India Pvt Ltd<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SOURCES
OF FURTHER INFORMATION</span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Office of the Board of studies, C.I. Sector-I,
Noida-201301, Ghaziabad District, Uttar Pradesh <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India ICAI Bhawan, A-29 Sector 62, Noida - 201309, www.icai.org<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Employment newspaper<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">CIRTES, Noida<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.shiksha.com/getArticleDetail/164/Chartered-Accountants-Nature-Of-Work-Employment-Avenues-Earnings?token=aa&page=6"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://www.shiksha.com/getArticleDetail/164/Chartered-Accountants-Nature-Of-Work-Employment-Avenues-Earnings?token=aa&page=6</span></a></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://plancareer.org/en/career/12/1158/chartered-accountant-career-option-and-requirements.html"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://plancareer.org/en/career/12/1158/chartered-accountant-career-option-and-requirements.html</span></a></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="http://cvc.nic.in/codeethics.pdf">http://cvc.nic.in/codeethics.pdf</a></span></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
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Dr. Niyati Garghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00257175176585877240noreply@blogger.com0